因食物过敏而生的恐惧感
Are we afraid of food?
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil...
大家好，欢迎收听六分钟英语。我是尼尔。
… and I'm Alice. Neil, what are you eating?
我是爱丽丝。尼尔，你在吃什么？
Peanuts.
花生。
Hmm. Did you know that one of the producers, here, has an allergy to peanuts?
你知道我们这的一个制作人对花生过敏吗？
No, I didn't – but they're not in the studio with us, so it doesn't matter, does it?
我不知道，但是他们现在没在录音棚，所以没事吧？
It only takes a tiny piece of peanut to cause a big allergic reaction in some people.
对一些人来说，接触一丁点花生就会产生很大的过敏反应。
An allergy by the way, is a condition that makes you feel ill after eating, touching or breathing in a particular substance.
过敏是指食物、接触或吸入某种特别的物质后产生的不适反应。
And food allergies are the subject of today's show.
食物过敏就是今天节目的主题。
Alright, put your peanuts down, Neil and answer today's quiz question.
把你的花生放下，回答今天的问题吧。
What substance is used to treat a severe allergic reaction?
下列哪个物质可以治疗严重的过敏反应？
Is it…a) penicillin?
a) 青霉素?
b) adrenalin?
b) 肾上腺素?
Or c) aspirin?
还是c) 阿司匹林?
OK, well, I'm going to go for a) penicillin.
我选a) 青霉素。
Well, we'll find out if that's the right answer later on.
好的，之后看你回答得是否正确。
Now let's listen to Dr Marianne Williams talking about why being too clean may not be a good thing.
现在我们来听听Marianne Williams医生解释为什么食物太干净了也不是好事。
She is a dietician here in the UK.
她是英国的营养学家。
For roughly the first month of life the immune system is switched off in essence
在生命最开始的一个月时间里，孩子的免疫系统基本上是关闭的，
and everything they [babies] get exposed to in that first month in life
满月的婴儿在这时接触的所有人或物，
– dogs, cats, aunts, uncles, grannies, grandpas, family, dirt – everything – that is where they build up all the bacteria that are then going to colonise their gut in the future.
如狗、猫、叔叔阿姨、爷爷奶奶、家庭成员、尘土，所有这些都是之后入驻他们肠道系统的细菌的来源。
Now, if you're born into a very sterile environment, as is increasingly the case in the western world, everything's kept terribly clean,
有这么一种说法，如果出生在无菌的环境中（越来越多的西方家庭采取这种措施），所有东西都可怕的干净，
and one of the theories is that we just are not getting enough exposure to a variety of bacteria at that very very early stage in that first month of life.
人们就不会在生命最开始的一个月中接触到那么多各类的细菌。
Dr Marianne Williams. The immune system is our body's defence against infection.
人们就不会在生命最开始的一个月中接触到那么多各类的细菌。
And it's switched off – or not working – for the first month of a baby's life.
满月婴儿的免疫系统是关闭的，不工作的。
And through exposure to lots of things in our environment – that's family, pets, dirt and so on
通过接触环境中的各种人或物，如家庭成员、宠物、灰尘等，
– young babies meet different bacteria for the first time which colonise – or live and grow in – their guts.
婴儿会初次接触各类细菌，之后这些细菌会长驻婴儿的内脏中。
Yes, but in a sterile environment babies don't get exposed to – or don't meet – a wide enough variety of bacteria.
但是在无菌的环境下，婴儿就不会接触到各类的细菌。
Sterile means completely clean and free of bacteria.
无菌是指完全干净，隔离细菌。
And there's a theory that being too clean and bacteria-free – now we have soap, antibiotics and better sanitation
有一种说法，在过于干净、无菌的环境中，就像现在我们使用香皂、抗生素，注重卫生清洁的情况下，
– has lead to an increase in allergies.
人体更容易过敏。
So dirty play for babies is good – mud, pets, picking stuff up off the floor and eating it.
所以把自己弄得脏兮兮的对婴儿来说有好处，例如在泥土里打闹、和宠物玩耍、在地板上捡起东西并塞进嘴里。
Did you use to eat food off the floor when you were little, Neil?
你小时候会在地上捡起东西就塞进嘴里吗？
Used to? I still do. I enjoy food from the floor!
过去？我现在也会这么做。我喜欢从地板上捡起的食物！
Well, Neil, what can I say?
好吧，我还能说什么？
We're both lucky to be allergy-free.
我们都很幸运，没有过敏。
I have a friend who has an allergy to gluten – a protein found in wheat and some other grains
我有一个朋友对谷蛋白过敏，谷蛋白是小麦和一些谷物中含有的蛋白质，
– and she has to be very careful about what she eats so she doesn't get ill.
她必须对吃的食物非常小心，不然就会生病。
The supermarkets are quite helpful, though, aren't they, with products 'free from this' and 'free from that'?
超市在这方面做得很好，会在产品上表明“不含这”，“不含那”。
This is helpful, yes.
这确实很有帮助。
But the food industry is now marketing their products to attract consumers who don't have a proven – or tested – allergy.
但是食品行业如今向无过敏史的消费者宣传他们这些产品。
Why would you buy free-from foods if you don't have a food allergy?
如果并不会对食物过敏，人们为什么也会买这种食品呢？
Well, people have started to believe that certain foods – like gluten or dairy – are bad for us,
人们开始相信有些食物对人体有害，如谷蛋白或乳制品，
though there isn't any medical evidence to support this.
尽管没有任何医学证据支撑。
Let's hear about how rickets – a disease caused by a lack of Vitamin D in the diet – is affecting some children in the UK.
由于膳食中缺乏维生素D，英国的孩子们开始受佝偻病的影响。我们来听一听。
Rickets is common in the developing world but this is London in the 21st century.
佝偻病在发展中国家很常见，但我们现在是在21世纪的伦敦。
These children aren't malnourished because they're too poor to eat well – it's the opposite.
这些孩子们营养不良不是因为太穷吃不好，恰恰相反。
Their often middle-class parents are spending money to give them foods with ingredients taken out.
他们中产阶级的父母花费不少钱给他们买营养不全的食品。
It's as if some of us have become unnecessarily frightened of our food.
我们中的一些人似乎对食物产生了不必要的恐惧。
Rickets usually affects malnourished childrenfrom poor countries– children who don't have enough to eat
佝偻病通常发生在营养不良的贫穷国家的孩子身上，他们没有足够的食物，
– and it makes their bones weak.
因此骨头很脆弱。
But here in London some parents are buying their children expensive free-from foods – for example to avoid dairy – and are sometimes making them very ill.
但是在伦敦，一些父母花大价钱购买营养不全的食品，例如不含乳类的食品，这使得孩子们极易生病。
It sounds crazy, doesn't it?
这听起来太疯狂了，不是吗？
Yeah… it's nuts! Get it? Nuts.
没错，疯了！知道吗？疯了！
Very good.
这词用得不错。
Yes. Nuts - that means crazy.
没错，坚果（Nuts）还可以指发疯。
Now I think it's time for the answer to today's quiz question.
我觉得是时候公布今天问题的答案了。
OK, then. So earlier in the show I asked: What substance is used to treat a severe allergic reaction?
好的，节目之初我问你：下列哪个物质可以治疗严重的过敏反应？
Is it… a) penicillin? b) adrenalin? Or c) aspirin?
a) 青霉素?b) 肾上腺素?还是c) 阿司匹林?
I said a) penicillin.
我选的是a) 青霉素。
And you were wrong, Neil!
你回答错了。
The correct answer is b) adrenalin.
正确答案是b) 肾上腺素。
An injection of adrenalin can be used to treat anaphylaxis – or severe allergic reactions – to insect stings, foods, drugs, and other allergens.
注射肾上腺素可以治疗过敏性反映，或因虫叮、食品、药品和其他过敏源引起的严重过敏反应。
Antibiotics such as penicillin treat bacterial infections and aspirin is a painkiller you might take for a headache.
抗生素，如青霉素可以治疗细菌感染；阿司匹林是止痛片，头疼时可以服用。
OK, can you tell us the words we heard today again please, Alice?
好的，再听一遍今天提到的单词吧？
Sure. They are:
今天听到的单词有：
allergy
过敏症
immune system
免疫系统
switched off
关闭
colonise
驻扎
get exposed to
接触
sterile
无菌的
gluten
谷蛋白
proven
证实
rickets
佝偻病
malnourished
营养不良的
nuts
坚果；疯了
anaphylaxis
过敏性反应
Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute English.
今天的六分钟英语就到这里。
Don't be afraid to join us again soon.
别害怕，我们下次再会。
You know where to find us, don't you?
你知道怎么找到我们的节目吧？
Go to bbclearningenglish.com where you'll find grammar points, vocabulary and more editions of 6 Minute English.
登陆bbclearningenglish.com，可以查看语法点和词汇，还有更多的六分钟英语节目。
Bye.
再见。