一、画蛇添足型――多用介词
多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。如：
1. 她同她妈妈讨论了她的计划。
误：She discussed about her plans with her mother.
正：She discussed her plans with her mother.
析：discuss(讨论)是及物动词，其后可直接跟被讨论的东西作宾语，无需用介词 about, on 等。注意：名词形式的discussion(讨论)后则可接介词 about, on等，如：The students had a long discussion about [on] the problem. 学生们就这个问题讨论了很久。
2. 他提到那次事故了吗?
误：Did he mention about the accident?
正：Did he mention the accident?
析：mention(提及，谈到)，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。
3. 我看见他进了房间。
误：I saw him enter into the room.
正：I saw him enter the room.
析：表示进入某一具体的场所、机构、建筑物等，enter是及物动词，其后一般不接介词 into。但是，若表示开始做某事、讨论或研究或处理某事、进入某各状态等，通常都用 enter into。如：He entered into business at the age of 25. 他25岁进入商界。
4. 她同一位医生结了婚。
误：She married with [to] a doctor.
正：She married a doctor.
析：表示与某人结婚，marry 是及物动词，不要受汉语的影响，在其后误加介词 with 或 to。比较：be [get] married to sb (同某人结婚)中用介词 to(仍不能按汉语意思用 with)，这里的 married 可视为形容词。
5. 我怎样与你联系?
误：How can contact with you?
正：How can contact you?
析：contact 是及物动词，其意为“与……联系”，不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词 with。注：contact的宾语除了是人外，也可以是地点，如：I just contacted his office direct. 我直接跟他办公室联系了。顺便说一句，contact偶尔也用作不及物动词，其后不接宾语，意为“联系”，如：We arranged to contact again as soon as possible. 我们尽快安排了再次联系。但是要表示“与……联系”，contact便是及物的，其后无需用介词。
6. 现在计算机也开始为农业服务了。
误：Now computers have also begun serving for agriculture.
正：Now computers have also begun serving agriculture.
析：serve 作“为……服务”解时，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。又如：We must serve the people heart and soul. 我们必须全心全意地为人民服务。
7. 谁管理这个工厂?
误：Who controls over the factory?
正：Who controls the factory?
析：control 用作动词，表示“控制”、“管理”等，均为及物动词，其后不要受名词用法的影响而误加介词 over。
8. 我问了她许多问题。
误：I asked her a good many of questions.
正：I asked her a good many questions.
析：与 a lot of, a great number of, a great deal of 等结构不同，a great many 后接名词时，通常不用介词 of，除非其后的名词带有限定词或是代词，如：a great many of the students(许多学生)，a great many of them (他们当中的许多人)。
9. 她用手掩面。
误：She covered over her face with her hands.
正：She covered her face with her hands.
析：cover(覆盖，盖住)是及物动词，其后用介词 over是多余的。
10. 你要想卖掉你的产品，你就得为此登广告。
误：If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.
正：If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.
析：advertise for sth (sb) 意为“登广告征求或寻找某物或某人”(此时 advertise 是不及物动词)；若要表示“为……登广告”或“登广告宣传……”，advertise 是及物动词, 其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语。比较：The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。
二、丢三落四型――漏用介词
漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响而用错等。如：
1. 这事很难处理。
误：This matter is difficult to deal.
正：This matter is difficult to deal with.
析：表示“对付”、“处理”、“对待”、“论述”、“与……做生意”等，用 deal with，其后的介词 with 不能省。
2. 他不是个可靠的人。
误：He is not a man to be depended.
正：He is not a man to be depended on.
析：depend(依靠)是不及物动词，若语义上需要接宾语，则须借助介词 on, upon。又如：Whether the game will be played depends on the weather. 球赛是否进行要看天气而定。
3. 他喝了一口茶，又接着讲故事。
误：He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.
正：He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story.
析：go on(继续) 后可以接不定式(表示做完某事后接着做另一件事)，也可动词的-ing形式(表示继续或不停地做一直在做的事)，但是不能接名词(接名词时用 go on with)。
4. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。
误：My mother still regards me a child.
正：My mother still regards me as a child.
析：regard(看成，认为)通常不后接双宾语，也不接不定式的复合结构，要表示类似意思，需借助介词 as(注：此 as 后不仅可接名词或代词，也可接形容词、介词短语、分词等)，又如：We can’t regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。I don't regard you as (being) dangerous. 我觉得你这个人并不危险。He regarded her as (being) without principles. 他认为她没有原则。
5. 他们坚持要派车来接我们。
误：They insisted sending a car over to fetch us.
正：They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.
析：insist(坚持)后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，遇此情况应用 insist on [upon] doing sth。记住：insist 通常是个不及物动词，若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on, upon；有时它也用作及物动词，但其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是名词或代词。
6. 他的话值得一听。
误：What he says is worth listening.
正：What he says is worth listening to.
析：主语从句 what he says 是 listen to 的逻辑宾语，故其中的介词to不能省略。
三、张冠李戴型――错用介词
错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是受汉语意思的影响而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当然地用错。如：
1. 她昨天去了他的办公室拜访。
误：She called on his office yesterday.
正：She called at his office yesterday.
析：call 表示“拜访”时，要注意分清两种清况。一般说来，表示拜访某人，通常用call on sb，若表示去某地拜访，则通常用 call at a place。顺便说一句，有时可在 call 后加副词 in (即说成 call in on sb 或 call in at a place)。
2. 他与一位护士订了婚。
误：He is engaged with a nurse.
正：He is engaged to a nurse.
析：be engaged to sb意为“与某人订婚”，注意不要按汉语习惯用介词 with。注：有时也可用 be engaged to do sth，如上面一句也可说成：He is engaged to marry a nurse. / He is engaged to be married to a nurse.
3. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
误：The sun rises from in the east and sets from the west.
正：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
析：汉语说太阳“从”东方升起，实际上是太阳升起“在”东方，故用介词 in。
4. 在警察的帮助下，我找回了我失去的东西。
误：Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost.
正：Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost.
析：表示“在某人的帮助下”，英语用 with the help of sb，不要按汉语习惯用介词 under。
5. 他在日本期间，参观过许多地方。
误：During he was in Japan, he visited many places.
正：During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.
正：While he was in Japan, he visited many places.
析：during是介词，不是连词，所以不用来引导句子。
6. 吃点水果吧。
误：Help yourself with the fruit.
正：Help yourself to the fruit.
析：help oneself to sth 是口语中常用表达，意为“自行取用”或“随意使用”，注意其中用介词 to，不能用 with。
7. 我们了解他的性格。
误：We are familiar to his character.
正：We are familiar with his character.
析：familiar(熟悉的)有以下两类用法须注意：一是表示某人熟悉某事物，此时通常只用作表语，且在其后连用介词 with； 二是表示某事物为某人所熟悉，此时可用作表语或定语，其后通常连用介词 to。比较：We are familiar with the saying. 我们熟悉这条格言。The saying is familiar to us. 这条格言我们熟悉。
（编辑 陈根花）