两个词虽为反义词,但用法相同,故放在一起讲述。
1. 用作副词时,主要用作状语。如:
I’ve left my glasses upstairs. 我把眼镜留在楼上了。
Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?
Downstairs, they were having tea together. 在楼下,他们在一道饮茶。
He tripped over the cat and fell downstairs. 他被猫绊倒,从楼上摔了下去。
另外,它们还可以用作表语、宾语补足语和用于名词后作宾语。如:
The office that deals with passports is upstairs. 办护照的办公室在楼上。
If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得,到楼上就会找到他。
He turned the radio down so that he shouldn’t disturb the old lady downstairs. 为了不打扰楼下的老太太,他把收音机音量调低了。
2. 用作形容词时,只能放在名词前作定语。如:
The manager says that we may leave our coats in the downstairs toilet. 经理说,我们可以把外衣留在楼下洗手间里。
由于 downstairs 用作副词时要放在名词后作定语,而用作形容词时要放在名词前作定语,所以类似“楼上的厕所”这样的表达可有两种表达:the upstairs toilets 和the toilets upstairs。
3. 用作名词,可直接用作主语或宾语。如:
The downstairs (upstairs) isn’t inhabited. 楼下(楼上)还没有人住。
We haven’t painted the downstairs (upstairs) yet. 我们还没有给楼下(上)的房间刷漆。
虽然可用作名词,但其前不能用 in, at, to 之类的介词,不过若语义需要,其前可用介词from。如:
The noise from downstairs prevented me from sleeping. 楼下的吵闹声使我睡不着觉。