动词 expect 的语法与惯用法

 

1. 表示期待”“期望,通常为及物动词,不要受汉语影响在其后误加介词for。如:

我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。

误:We should not expect for success overnight.

正:We should not expect success overnight.

2. 后接动词时要用不定式,不用动名词。如:

I didn’t expect to find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。

若语义需要,其后还可接不定式的复合结构。如

He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。

3. 不要认为 expect 只表示期待”“期望,它还可表示预计”“预料等。如:

I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。

I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。

有时可用于不好的方面。如:

He expects to fail the exam. 他预料无法通过考试。

另外,注意expect a baby这一惯用表达,其意为怀孕。如

It’s public knowledge she’s expecting a baby. 大家都知道她已怀孕了。

4. 其后可接 that 从句,若从句谓语为否定,注意否定的转移。如:

I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。

在口语中有可表示揣想。如

I expect you’re tired. 我想你是累了吧。

其后可接 that 从句,但不接疑问词引导的从句,若遇有疑问词,则要使用疑问词+do you expect…”这样的句式。如:

你想什么时候离开?

误:Do you expect when you will leave?

误:Do you expect when to leave?

正:When do you expect to leave?

5. 表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算,通常用过去完成时,但在一定的上下文当中,只要意思清楚,也可只用一般过去时。如:

I had expected to come early, but I missed the early bus. 我本来想早点来的,但未赶上早班车。

We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天就会到的。

有时在其后接不定式的完成式,如上面第一句也可改成:

I expected to have come early, but I missed the early bus.

6. 有时用于It+be+过去分词+从句结构,表示预计……”。如:

It’s expected that the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。

It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms. 预计这个报告会提出一些重大的改革。

7. 注意as expected不出所料)和than expected(比预料的更)这个搭配。如:

He returned three days earlier than expected. 他回来的时间比预料的要早3天。

The ascent of the mountain is proceeding as expected. 登山正在按计划进行。

8. be (only) to be expected是一个很有用的表达,其意为在预料当中的”“可能发生的”“相当正常的。如:

His weakness after the illness is only to be expected. 他病后体弱是预料之中的事。

It is only to be expected your son will leave home eventually. 儿子总归要离开家的,这种事很难免。

■摘自《中学英语高频词详解词典》(金盾出版社)■