will与would用法完全归纳

 

1. 表示意愿

willwould均可表示意愿,will用于指现在的意愿,would用于指过去的意愿。如:

Ill do anything that I can. 我愿做我能够做的任何事。

He will do anything except cook. 他什么都愿做,就是不愿做饭。

He asked if I would show him the way. 他问我是愿意可以给他带路。

按英语语法习惯,在条件状语从句中不能直接使用将来时态,而应用一般现在时表示将来意义,但表示“意愿”的willwould有时可用于条件句中。如:

If you will wait a moment, Ill fetch the money. 如果你能等一下,我就取钱去。

If he would try harder, Im sure hell do well. 只要他能再努力一些,我相信他会做好的。

条件状语从句will的意思不是“将要”,而是“愿意”。注意,有时翻译可能会比较灵活,尤其是当用于if you will…这类结构时。如:

If you will [would] follow me, Ill show you the way. 请跟我来,我给你指路。

If you will [would] wait a moment Ill see if Mr Jones is free. 请您稍候片刻,我看看琼斯先生是否有空。

2. 表示拒绝

愿意做某事的反面是什么?就是拒绝。所以情态动词willwould的否定式wontwouldnt可以用来表示拒绝――wont用于现在或将来,wouldnt用于过去。如:

If he wont listen to me, I cant help him. 如果他不肯听我的话,我就不能帮他的忙。

He said that he wouldnt lend me a penny.  他说过他一便士都不愿借给我。

I offered Jimmy some milk, but he wouldnt drink it. 我让吉米喝牛奶,但他不肯喝。

有趣的是,wontwouldnt表示拒绝时,其主语有时可以是“物”。如:

The door wont shut. 这门关不上。

The car wouldnt start this morning. 今天上午汽车发动不了。

3. 表示委婉语气

willwould均可用于征求意见或提出请求,此时的would并不表示过去,而是为了使语气更委婉。如:

Will you please pass me the salt? 请你把盐递给我好吗?

Would you ask them to wait outside? 你可否请他们在外面等等?

Would Sunday night suit you? 星期天晚上适合你吗?

为了使语气更客气、更委婉,有时可用wontwouldnt这样的否定式。如:

Wont you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉?

Wouldnt it be better to paint it green? 把它漆成绿色的会不会更好?

比较而言,用would比用will委婉,用否定的wontwouldnt比用肯定的willwould要委婉――使用时应根据具体的语境选择合适的表达。

另外值得一提的是,用willwould表示的这种委婉语气,主要见于上面这类疑问句,但wouldwouldnt有时还可以用于陈述句中使句子的语气变得委婉。比较:

That seems the best solution to me. 我看这似乎是最好的解决办法了。(直接)

That would seem the best solution to me. 我看这似乎是最好的解决办法了吧。(委婉)

Friday evening is not [wont be] very convenient. 星期五晚上不太合适。(直接)

Friday evening wouldnt be very convenient. 星期五晚上不太合适吧。(委婉)

 


4. 用于提出想法

would有时用于提出想法,通常与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用。如:

I would like to make a suggestion. 我想提一个建议。

Id love to have a room of my own. 我想有一个自己的房间。

Id hate to disturb him if hes busy. 如果他忙,我就不想打扰他了。

Id prefer to go by bike. 我想骑自行车去。

若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成should。如:

I should be glad to talk to him. 我会高兴和他谈谈。

I should like to give him a chance. 我愿意给他一个机会。

注意,这样用的would习惯上不能换成will

5. 表示习惯或倾向

willwould均可用于表示习惯或倾向――既可指某人特有的习惯,也可指事物的自然倾向。其中will表示现在的习惯,would表示过去的习惯。如:

Water will boil at 100C. 水到摄氏100就会沸腾。

He will always complain if he gets the opportunity. 他一有机会总要抱怨。

When we were students we would often stay up all night. 我们当学生时,经常通宵不睡。

I planted a vine last year, but it wouldnt grow because it didnt get enough sun. 去年我种了一棵葡萄,但它因阳光不足没有长大。

有时,也用于谈论某人令人不耐烦的习惯或倾向。如:

Thats just like himhe would lose his keys! 他就是这样,老丢钥匙!

Harriet will keep leaving her things all over the floor. 哈丽特总是把她的东西扔得满地都是。

6. 表示推测

willwould都可用于表示推测――will用于谈论现在;would用于谈论过去,但也可用于谈论现在,只是语气比较委婉、比较不确定。如:

He will be waiting downstairs now. 他现在应该在楼下等吧!

Youll be Dr. Livingston, I presume? 我猜您就是李温斯顿博士吧?

You wouldnt tell anyone, would you? 你不会告诉别人的,对吧?

That would be the watch you are looking for. 那大概是你在寻找的手表吧。

有时可后接完成式,表示对过去可能已经发生的情况进行推测。如:

You will have heard the news, I think? 我想,你已经听到那个新闻了吧?

I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想你现在可能已经做完了吧。

 

7. 表示执意或坚持

willwould可用来表示句子主语的执意和坚持,其中will用于谈论现在,would用于谈论过去。如(www.yygrammar.com):

He will comb his hair at the table, even though he knows I dont like it. 他偏要在饭桌连梳头,还明明知道我不喜欢。

He would do it, though I told him not to. 虽然我叫他不要做,可是他偏要做。

8. 其他用法

will 还可表示决心、许诺、指示、叮嘱等,具体意思需根据所处语境来确定。如:

I wont leave you. You cant make me. 我绝不离开你,你不能强迫我离开。

Well pay back your money soon. 我们很快就会把钱还给你的。

You will not go out today; you will stay in and work. 今天你不要出去,待在家里干活。

No one will leave the examination room before 12 oclock. 12点前谁也不准离开考场。