1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
If he was here, he ______ us how to do it.
A. told B. would tell C. had told D. have told
此题应选 B。该题考察与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语动词用过去式, 主句的谓语则要用 would (should, could, might)+动词原形：
If there were no subjective mood, English wouldbe much easier. 要是没有虚拟语气, 英语就会容易得多了。
If I knew his telephone number, I would ring himup. 我要是知道他的电话号码, 我就给他打电话了。
在虚拟条件句, 动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数), 但在现代英语, 单数情况也可以用was：
We could ask him if he were [was] here. 他要是在 这里, 我们就可以问问他了。
但是在某些表达(If I were you, as it were等)中, be只用were这一形式：
If I were you, I should go and see the doctor atonce. 假若我是你, 我会马上去看医生。
The sky is covered, as it were, with a blackcurtain. 天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。
有时在虚拟条件句也可能用 could, might 等, 那多半是因为语义的需要：
If he could help you, he would help you. 要是他能够帮助你的话, 他会帮助你的。
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
―If he ______, he ______ that food.
―Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warmed, would not take B. had been warmed, would not have taken
C. would be warmed, had not taken D. would have been warmed, had not taken
此题应选 B。该题考察与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语用 had＋过去分词，主句的谓语用 would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词：
1. If she had worked harder, she ______.
A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded
2. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been;would have prevented B. had been;would prevent
C. were;would D. were;would have prevented
3. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
4. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ______ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
答案：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D
3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气
If we ______ 200 years old, we ______ everything.
A. were to be, could change B. had been, changed
C. were, would have changed D. should be, changed
此题应选A。该题考察与将来事实相反的虚拟语气, 此时的主句谓语通常用would(should, could, might)＋动词原形, 而从句谓语可能有以下几种情况：
1. 从句谓语用过去式：
If your father knew this, he would be angry. 要是你父亲知道了, 他会生气的。
If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would beput off. 要是明天下雨, 运动会就推迟。
2. 从句谓语用should+动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情, 一般译为“万一”)：
If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 要是有雨, 这庄稼还有救。
此类句型的主句谓语有时可以用祈使句甚至将来时态：
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨, 就不要等我了。
If I should be free tomorrow, I will come. 万一我明天有空, 我就来。
3. 从句谓语用were to+动词原形 (通常指可能性极小可或近乎不可能, 有时指出乎意料)：
If the sun were to rise in the west, my love foryou would not change. 即使太阳从西边出, 我对你的爱也不会变。
4. 你会正确使用虚拟语气的倒装形式吗
______ your address, I would have written to you.
A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know
此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were, had, should, could等动词时, 可以将if省略, 然后将 were, had, should, could 等词移至句首：
1. If he should fail, he would kill himself.
→Should he fail, he would kill himself.
万一失败, 他就会自杀。
2. If I were you, I would do it at once.
→Were I you, I would do it at once.
假若我是你, 我就会马上做。
3. If I could do it, I would.
→Could I do it, I would.
要是我能做此事, 我一定会做。
4. If he had seen you yesterday, he would haveasked you about it.
→Had he seen you yesterday, he would haveasked you about it.
他昨天要是看到了你, 他就会问你这事了。
顺便说一句, 以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词, 如果是实义动词也可倒装：
If he had money, he would buy a car.
→Had he money, he would buy a car.
他要是有钱, 他就会买一辆小车。
5. 哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气
The guard at the gate insisted that everyone ______ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
此题应选 B。一般说来, 在一些表示坚持(insist), 命令(order, command), 建议(suggest, advise), 要求(require, demand)等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should+动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语常省略, 但是引导从句的that通常不省略)：
He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent bya special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。
I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call mylawyer. 我要求准我找我的律师。
注意insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况：
2. insist 表示“坚持要”、“一定要”, 从句多指尚未实现的想法, 谓语通常用虚拟语气(should+v)；表示“坚持说”、“坚持认为”，从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态, 谓语用陈述语气：
I insisted that he (should) go. 我坚持要他去。
I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持认为他错了。
2. suggest表示“建议”, 其后接that从句, 一般要用虚拟误气;若表示“暗示”、“表明”, 则其后所接that从句要用陈述语气：
She suggested that we (should) leave early. 她建议我们早点动身。
Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明了她生气了。
6. I wish 后从句用虚拟语气的三种形式
I wish you ______ him my telephone number, but you did.
A. didn’t give B. hadn’t given C. wouldn’t give D. shouldn’t give
此题应选B。I wish后接宾语从句时, 谓语有三种可能：
1. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 用过去时：
I wish I were a teacher. 我要是一位老师就好了。
I wish I remembered her address. 我要是记得她的地址就好了。
2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望, 用过去完成时：
How I wish I had seen her off at the station, but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了, 但我太忙了。
3. 表示与将来事实相反的愿望, 用could / would+ / might+动词原形：
I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他马上来。
类似地, 以下结构也与wish情况类似(从句分三种情况)：
(1) If only(但愿)：用法与含义均与I wish相似, 以上各例中的I wish均可用If only代之, 含义大致相同。
(2) as if / though(好象)：(www.yygrammar.com)
She loves the child as if he were her own. 她疼爱 这孩子, 就像是她自己的孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)
He talks as if he had been there many times. 他说起话来好像是去过那儿多次似的。(与过去事实相反)
He speaks as if he would die soon. 听他说话那语气好像不久就要死似的。(与将来事实相反)
7. 你知道I would rather后接从句时谓语用何形式吗
―Shall I open the window?
―I’d rather you ______.
A. can’t B. won’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t
此题应选 C。关于would rather后从句谓语的形式, 注意以下几点：
1. 指现在或将来用一般过去时：
Don’t come today. I’d rather you came tomorrow. 你不要今天来, 我宁愿你明天来。
―Can I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗?
―Oh, I’d rather you didn’t. 哦, 你最好别抽。
2. 指过去用过去完成时：
I’d rather I hadn’t met her at the party. 我真希望在晚会上没有见到她。
I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没有告诉我这事还好些。
在谈到过去的情况时, I’d rather与I wish, If only 的意思和用法很接近, 有时可换用：
当时我要是没有给他打电话就好了。
正：I’d rather I hadn’t telephoned him.
正：I wish I hadn’t telephoned him.
正：If only I hadn’t telephoned him.
有时 would rather 后的从句谓语也可用其它时态形式(比如在谈到现在情况时有时可用现在时态：I’d rather yougo home now), 但是这些用法在现代英语中很少见, 建议考生在应试时要避免。
8. It’s time后的从句谓语用何形式
It’s time the child ______ to bed.
A. goes B. going C. went D. to go
此题应选C。关于It’s time＋that从句, 注意以下几点：
1. 从句谓语通常用过去时态或should＋动词原形：
It’s time we started. 我们该动身了。
It is time that you left here. 你该离开这儿了。
It’s time you studied hard. 你该努力学习了。
有时也用should+动词原形或用过去进行时, 有时甚至将should省略(即只用动词原形, 为非正式的美国口语)：
我们该走了。
正：It is time we left. (常见)
正：It is time we should leave. (可用)
正：It is time we were leaving. (可用)
正：It is time we leave. (少见, 非正式美国口语)
2. 其它几点注意处：
(1) 其中的It is有时根据情况也可改为It was, 其后的时态不受影响：
你该上床睡觉了。
正：It is time you went to bed. (指现在而言)
正：It was time you went to bed. (指过去而言)
(2) time前可以用high, about等修饰。
It is high time you told her the truth. 你该把真相告诉她了。
It is about time that I wrote her a letter. 我该给她写封信了。
9. 什么是含蓄虚拟语气
He studied hard, otherwise he ______ so hard a test.
A. didn’t pass B. couldn’t pass C. hadn’t passed D. couldn’t have passed
此题应选D。其中的 otherwise 含蓄地暗示一种虚拟条件, 相当于if he hadn’t studied hard。
英语中用某种词汇或语法手段含蓄地暗示虚拟条件的方式比较多, 下面略举几例, 供考生参考：
With more money [If I had more money], I could do it better. 要是我有更多的钱, 我会做得更好。
But for his help [If it were not for his help], we couldn’t get over the difficulties. 要是没有他的帮助, 我们就无法克服这些困难。
I’m really busy, or[if I weren’t so busy] I wouldcertainly go with you. 我确实太忙了, 要不然我一定跟你们一块儿去。
Meeting[If we had met] anywhere else, we couldn’thave recognized each other. 要是在别处见面, 我们俩彼此是不会认出来的。
To hear him speak English [If one were to hearhim speak English], one would think him anEnglishman. 你要是听他说英语, 一定会认为他是一个英国人。
An honest man would not say this. [If he were anhonest man, he would not say this]. 一个诚实的人就不会说这样的话。
10. 什么是错综时间虚拟语气
If you ______ the doctor’s advice, you ______ quite well now.
A. took, would be B. had taken, had been C. should take, were D. had taken, would be
此题应选D。从句意上看, 条件从句的谓语显然发生在过去, 而主句的谓语显然是现在, 也就是说从句表示的是与过去事实相反的假设(用过去完成时), 而主句表示的是与现在事实相反的假设(用would+动词原形)。英语中像这种主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句。又如(www.yygrammar.com)：
If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, weshould be having a terrible time tomorrow. 如果现在还没有把一切准备好, 明天情况就糟了。
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past fewyears, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. 要是过去几年没有作艰苦努力, 现在的一切就不会进行得这样顺利了。
If you had studied hard last year, you would bea college student now. 你要是去年学习努力的话, 你现在就是大学生了。
If the weather had been more favorable, the cropswould be growing still better. 如果过去天气好一些, 现在的庄稼还会长得更好。
If he were alive now, he might have grown into ahandsome young person. 要是他现在还活着的话, 他会已长成一个英俊的小伙子了。