英语语法错用词性典型考题(下)

 

8. I was about to go out _________ the telephone rang.

A. when                   B. suddenly              C. as soon as            D. directly

【分析】此题很容易误选B,因为从句意看,填入suddenly 后刚好符合我正要出去,电话铃突然响了的语境。但从句法来分析,空白处前后各为一个句子,而 suddenly 是副词,显然不承担起连接两个句子的重任。此题最佳答案选Awhen 在此用作并列连词,意为这时(突然)。又如:

We were about to start, when it rained. 我们正要开始,就下起雨来了。

She was walking down the road when she heard someone shouting for help. 她正在路上走着,突然听见有人呼救。

 

9. Don’t _________; no one will hurt you. 

A. afraid                  B. frighten               C. fear                     D. nervous

【分析】此题应选C,其余三项均容易误选:选A不对,因为 afraid 是形容词,Don’t 应接动词原形,若为 be afraid 则也可以;选B不对,因为 frighten 虽为动词,但它为及物动词,其意不是害怕,而是使(某人)害怕,选它不仅意思不通,而且语法也不对(因为及物动词后缺宾语);选D也不对,因为 nervous 是形容词,不能紧跟在 don’t 之后。

 

10. _________ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher?

A. Do                       B. Can                     C. Are                      D. Did

【分析】此题正确答案是C,但很容易误选A,主要是没有意识到其后的 against 是介词,而不是动词。注意:有些介词、形容词、副词等,具有动作意味,不要将其误认为是动词。如:

如果你不去,就让他代你去。

误:If you can’t go, let him instead you.

正:If you can’t go, let him go instead of you.

正:If you can’t go, let him go instead.

注:instead instead of 均含有代替取而代之的意思,在汉语中含有动作意味,但它们却不是动词(instead 是副词,instead of 是介词)

 

11. Now some young people hope to _________ for further education.

A. go abroad            B. go to abroad        C. go to the abroad  D. go the abroad

【分析】此题容易误选 B C,将 abroad 误认为是名词。而其实 abroad 是副词,所以此题正确答案为 A。又如:

当心,前面有危险。

误:Look out, there is danger in the ahead.

正:Look out, there is danger ahead.

析:ahead 意为在前面,它是副词,而不是名词。

 

 


12. He treated all the people around him, _________ he knew or he didn’t know, _________.

A. if, friendly           B. whether, friendly

C. if, in a friendly way                             D. whether, in a friendly way

【分析】此题第一空应填whether,因为它与其后的 or 构成 whether…or…结构,表示无论……还是……”,至于第二空,许多同学可能会误选 friendly,认为它以ly 结尾,应是副词,在此用作状语。而其实在现代英语中 friendly 只用作形容词,不用作副词。所以此题的最佳答案是D,而不是B。顺便说一句,下面以ly结尾的也是形容词,而不是副词:lonely(孤独的)costly(高价的,昂贵的)lively(有生气的,生动的)lovely(可爱的,美丽的,愉快的)orderly (整齐的,守规则的)等。

He feels lonely among strangers. 在陌生人中他感到孤寂。

We had a lovely weekend. 我们度过了一个愉快的周末。

The car is too costly for me to buy. 这汽车太贵了,我买不起。

He is a lively child and popular with everyone. 他是个活泼的孩子,大家都喜欢他。

 

13. The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he _________experience.

A. is lack of              B. is lacking in  C. lacks of                     D. is lacking of

【分析】此题答案选Bbe lacking in 是习语,意为缺乏,其后通常接 experience, frankness, courage 等抽象名词。选A是错误的,因为 lack 可用作名词和动词,但不用作形容词;选C是错误的,因为 lack 用作动词时,它是及物动词,其后不用介词(注:用作名词的 lack 后可接介词 of);选D是错误的,因为没有 be lacking of 这个搭配。