例8. I was about to go out _________ the telephone rang.
A. when B. suddenly C. as soon as D. directly
【分析】此题很容易误选B,因为从句意看,填入suddenly 后刚好符合“我正要出去,电话铃突然响了”的语境。但从句法来分析,空白处前后各为一个句子,而 suddenly 是副词,显然不承担起连接两个句子的重任。此题最佳答案选A,when 在此用作并列连词,意为“这时(突然)”。又如:
We were about to start, when it rained. 我们正要开始,就下起雨来了。
She was walking down the road when she heard someone shouting for help. 她正在路上走着,突然听见有人呼救。
例9. Don’t _________; no one will hurt you.
A. afraid B. frighten C. fear D. nervous
【分析】此题应选C,其余三项均容易误选:选A不对,因为 afraid 是形容词,Don’t 应接动词原形,若为 be afraid 则也可以;选B不对,因为 frighten 虽为动词,但它为及物动词,其意不是“害怕”,而是“使(某人)害怕”,选它不仅意思不通,而且语法也不对(因为及物动词后缺宾语);选D也不对,因为 nervous 是形容词,不能紧跟在 don’t 之后。
例10. _________ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher?
A. Do B. Can C. Are D. Did
【分析】此题正确答案是C,但很容易误选A,主要是没有意识到其后的 against 是介词,而不是动词。注意:有些介词、形容词、副词等,具有动作意味,不要将其误认为是动词。如:
如果你不去,就让他代你去。
误:If you can’t go, let him instead you.
正:If you can’t go, let him go instead of you.
正:If you can’t go, let him go instead.
注:instead 和 instead of 均含有“代替”、“取而代之”的意思,在汉语中含有动作意味,但它们却不是动词(instead 是副词,instead of 是介词)。
例11. Now some young people hope to _________ for further education.
A. go abroad B. go to abroad C. go to the abroad D. go the abroad
【分析】此题容易误选 B 或 C,将 abroad 误认为是名词。而其实 abroad 是副词,所以此题正确答案为 A。又如:
当心,前面有危险。
误:Look out, there is danger in the ahead.
正:Look out, there is danger ahead.
析:ahead 意为“在前面”,它是副词,而不是名词。
例12. He treated all the people around him, _________ he knew or he didn’t know, _________.
A. if, friendly B. whether, friendly
C. if, in a friendly way D. whether, in a friendly way
【分析】此题第一空应填whether,因为它与其后的 or 构成 whether…or…结构,表示“无论……还是……”,至于第二空,许多同学可能会误选 friendly,认为它以ly 结尾,应是副词,在此用作状语。而其实在现代英语中 friendly 只用作形容词,不用作副词。所以此题的最佳答案是D,而不是B。顺便说一句,下面以ly结尾的也是形容词,而不是副词:lonely(孤独的),costly(高价的,昂贵的),lively(有生气的,生动的),lovely(可爱的,美丽的,愉快的),orderly (整齐的,守规则的)等。
He feels lonely among strangers. 在陌生人中他感到孤寂。
We had a lovely weekend. 我们度过了一个愉快的周末。
The car is too costly for me to buy. 这汽车太贵了,我买不起。
He is a lively child and popular with everyone. 他是个活泼的孩子,大家都喜欢他。
例13. The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he _________experience.
A. is lack of B. is lacking in C. lacks of D. is lacking of
【分析】此题答案选B,be lacking in 是习语,意为“缺乏”,其后通常接 experience, frankness, courage 等抽象名词。选A是错误的,因为 lack 可用作名词和动词,但不用作形容词;选C是错误的,因为 lack 用作动词时,它是及物动词,其后不用介词(注:用作名词的 lack 后可接介词 of);选D是错误的,因为没有 be lacking of 这个搭配。