英语动词时态详解:一般将来时

 

一、一般将来时的定义

表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如:

What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么?

We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。

He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习。

 

二、一般将来时的基本用法及构成

一般将来时的基本用法是表示单纯的将来事实,由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成:

We shall have a lot of rain next month. 下个月将下很多雨。

I think she will pass the exam. 我想他考试会及格的。

 

三、表示将来时间的几种常见方法

英语中除了will /shall+动词原形表示半来时态外,还可以有以下多种方法:

(1) be going to+动词原形表示。主要表示打算和预测:

We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里多待。(表打算)

I’m afraid they’re going to lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。(表预测)

Look, it’s going to rain. 瞧,要下雨了。(表预见)

注:be going to 后接动词gocome时,通常直接改用其进行时态:

Where is he going to go? / Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去?

(2) be to+动词原形表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作;有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性:

He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。

Tell him he’s not to be back late.  告诉他不准迟回。

(3) be about to+动词原形表示。主要表示即将要发生的事:

He is about to leave. 他即将要离开。

Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好,电影马上就要开发始了。

注:该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用:

误:He is about to leave soon [tomorrow].

另外,该结构在美国英语中还可表示打算”(主要用于否定句)

I’m not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。

(4) be due to+动词原形表示。主要表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事:

He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要离开。

His book is due to be published in October. 他的书计划10月份出版。

(5) 用“现在进行时”(be+现在分词)表示。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事:

The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。

We’re having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。

注:该用法有时表示即将发生的动作:

I’m leaving. 我走了。

(6) 用“一般现在时”表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事:

The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚7:25分开。

Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。

We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。

注:在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中,也用一般现在时表示将来意义,参见“时态详解:一般现在时的有关用法。

 

四、三种将来时间表示法的比较

(1) “will / shall+动词原形“be going to +动词原形

两者均可表示将来时间和意图,两者有时可换用:

I think it’ll rain this evening. / I think it’s going to rain this evening. 我想今晚会下雨。

I won’t tell you about it. / I’m not going to tell you about it. 我不会把这事告诉你的。

但有时有差别:

若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,则通常要用be going to;若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时才临时想到的,则通常用will。比较:

"Ann is in hospital." "Oh, really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her." “安住院了。”“啊,真的吗?我还不知道。我要去看看她。” (临时想法,不能用be going to)

"Ann is in hospital." "Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow. “安住院了。”“我知道,我打算明天去看看她。” (事先考虑的意图,不能用will)

若是有迹象表明要发生某事,通常只用be going to,不用will

Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云,要下雨了。

带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be going to,而用will

When he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他回来时我就告诉他这个消息。

If he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他若回来我就告诉他这个消息。

(2)“be going to+动词原形现在进行时

be going to主要表示主观想法或意图,而现在进行进表示将来则主要已经强调作出的安排。比较:

I’m going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。(主观想法)

I’m picking you up at 6; don’t forget. 6点钟来接你,不要忘了。(已作出的安排)

但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时,通常要用be going to,不能用现在进行时态:

It’s going to snow before long. 不久会下雪。

Things are going to get better soon. 情况很快就会好起来。

当表示坚持要(不要)某人做某事时,两者均可用:

She’s taking [going to take] that medicine whether he likes it or not. 不管她喜欢不喜欢,她都得吃那药。

You’re not wearing [going to wear] that skirt to school. 你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。

(3) “be going to+动词原形“be to+动词原形的区别

两者均可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时可互换(be tobe going to正式)

Where are we going to stay tonight? 我们今晚住哪里?

I’m (going) to play tennis this afternoon. 我打算今天下午打网球。

另外,be going to 还可表示预测,即根据已有迹象预测将要发生的动作,此时不能用be to

Look, it’s going to rain. 看,要下雨了。

 

五、典型一般将来时考题详解

【例1Turn on the television or open a magazine and you __________ advertisements showing happy families

A. will often see                                 B. often see

C. are often seeing                              D. have often seen

分析:A。这是祈使句+and +陈述句句型,祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句,and后的陈述句的谓语用,这是一个较为固定的句型。

 

【例2He was hoping to go abroad but his parents __________ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.

A. were deciding                                 B. have decided

C. decided                                          D. will decide

分析:B。因宾语从句中的时态是,主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态,排除选项AD; 由语境判断,不是将要决定,而是现在已经决定,所以排除D,而选B

【例3 ―How can I apply for an online course?

―Just fill out this form and we __________ what we can do four you.

A. see                                                B. are seeing

C. have seen                                       D. will see

分析:D。表示将要发生的情况,自然是用一般将来时。

【例4If their marketing plans succeed, they _________ their sales by 20 percent.

A. will increase                                   B. have been increasing

C. have increased                                D. would be increasing

分析:A。由于if条件从句用的是一般现在时,所以其相应的主句宜用

【例5 Population experts predict that most people _________ in cities in the near future.

A. live                                                B. would live

C. will live                                          D. have lived

分析:C。根据句中的in the near future可知要用一般将来时。

【例6When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ________ up, her voice had been full of life.

A. were hanging                                  B. had hung

C. hung                                              D. would hang      

分析:C。从逻辑上说,当我在电话里和奶奶聊天时,她的声音听起来很虚弱;但到我们要挂电话时,她的声音又充满朝气。从逻辑上说,应该是奶奶的声音又充满朝气在先,我们挂断电话在后,如果是反过来的话,那说话者就无法听知道奶奶的声音又充满朝气之回事了。所以挂断电话应用一般过去时。另外,由于by the time后接的定语从句通常要用一般现在时代替,用一般过去时代替过去将来时,所以选项D不能选。

【例7―Ann is in hospital.

―Oh, really? I ________ know. I ________ go and visit her.

A. didn’t; am going to                          B. don’t; would

C. don’t; will                                       D. didn’t; will

分析:D。根据句意,在此之前说话人不知道安住院了,因此第一空用一般过去时;说话人打算去看她,这个动作还没发生,因此第二空用。注意be going towill表示将来的区别:表示临时的决定,要用be going to,不用 will(www.yygrammar.com)

【例8I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I ______.

A. was doing                                       B. am doing        

C. have done                                        D. had been doing

分析:B。句意是:我一完成我做的工作就去图书馆。由于去图书馆用的是一般将来时,说明要完成的工作是现在正在做的事情,故用现在进行时。又如:

He is studying architecture. 他在学习建筑。

The ambulance is carrying wounded people to the nearest hospital. 救护车正在把受伤的人送到最近的医院。

 

 

英语动词16种时态用法详解

 

◆若觉得有用,就复制到你的空间◆