英语动词时态详解:现在完成时

 

 

一、如何理解英语的现在完成时

现在完成时是英语中一个很重要的时态,也是很容易弄错的一个时态。首先,我们来看看“现在完成时”该如何理解。你可能会根据字面意思将其理解为:现在完成时就是表示现在已经完成的动作。但是,这样的理解是很不全面的理解,甚至是很危险的!因为这样的理解将来误导你混淆现在完成时与一般过去的区别。

现在完成时有两个主要用法:一是已完成用法,也叫影响性用法。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果,如汉语说“他已离开这个城市了”,其中的“离开”肯定发生了,它对现在的影响或结果就是“他现在已不在这个城市了”;又如汉语说“有人把窗户打破了”,显然“打破窗户”这一动作发生在过去,并且在过去已经完成了,但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响――窗户现在仍是破的。

现在完成时的另一个用法叫未完成用法,也叫持续性用法。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状语在过去并未完成或结束,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束),如汉语说“他在我们教书已有30年了”,显然“他在我们学校教书”是从30年前开始,并且一直教到现在,已经持续了30年;又如汉语说“自上个星期以来他一直很忙”,显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的,并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。

 

二、现在完成时构成与用法

现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词构成。如:

He has seen the film several times. 这部电影他已看了好几次。

I have known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。

句中的 has seen have known 均为现在完成时,第一句属影响性用法,其影响是“他对电影内容非常熟悉了”;第二句属持续性用法,指“认识她”已持续了很长一段时间。

 

三、现在完成时主要用法实例分析

1. 影响性用法实例分析

I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了。

根据句意可知,“丢钢笔”这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成,但这个过过去发生和完成的动作对现在有影响――我现在无钢笔用,或我得去买支新的。

We have finished the work. 我们已把工作干完了。

显然完成工作这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成,但这个过过去发生和完成的动作对现在有影响――我们可以休息了,或可以回家了,或可以做别的事了。

2. 持续性用法实例分析

I’ve waited a week for your answer. 等你的答复我已等了一个星期。

根据句意可知,这个动作发生在过去,但它在过去并没有完成,而是一直等到现在,已持续了一个星期。

We have lived here quite a number of years. 我们在这里住了很多年了。

根据句意可知,“住在这儿”是从过去开始的,但它在过去并没有完成,而是一直等到现在,已持续了好几年。

 

四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

看了上面关于现在完成时的用法,你可能会觉得现在完成时的已完成用法与一般过去时的用法好像很相似,对吗?因为它们都可以表示在过去发生并完成的动作。

许多书在讲解现在完成时与一般过去时的区别时是这样描述的:用一般过去时表示动作对现在没有影响,用现在完成时则表示动词对现在影响。你对这样的解释肯定不满意,因为你认为过去发生的动作不管你用什么时态,它对现在的影响都是存在,并不会因为你所用的时态不同而有所变化。比如你过去记的单词对你现在有影响,你过去搞的锻炼对你现在有影响,你过去看的电影对你现在有影响,你过去犯的错误对你现在有影响,你过去缺过课对你现在有影响,等等。

其实啊,对于过去发生并已完成的动作,不管你是用一般过去时还是用过去完成时,它对现在都是有影响的,它们的不同之处在于,说话者是否强调这个影响――如果强调对现在的影响,就用现在完成时;如果不强调对现在的影响,而是强调动作发生的过去时间,就用一般过去时。体会下面的句子:

I’ve washed the car. 我已经洗过车了。

I washed the car. 我洗了车子。

第一句用的是现在完成时,它强调的是洗车对现在的影响――车现在是干净的;第二句用的是一般过去时,它不强调洗车对现在的影响,只表明车在过去洗过,至于它现在是否干净说话人并不关心。

The lift has broken down. 电梯坏了。

The lift broke down. 电梯坏了。

第一句用的是现在完成时,它强调的是电梯坏对现在的影响――我们不得不走楼梯,或我们得请人来修电梯;第二句用的是一般过去时,它不强调电梯坏对现在的影响,只表明电梯在过去曾经坏过,至于它现在是否能用说话人并不关心。

Tom has had a bad car crash. 汤姆发生了严重的车祸。(他可能仍在住院。)

Tom had a bad crash. 汤姆发生过严重车祸。(他现在很可能已经出院了。)

第一句用的是现在完成时,它强调的是出车祸对现在的影响――汤姆可能现在仍在住院;第二句用的是一般过去时,它不强调出车祸对现在的影响,只表明汤姆在过去曾经出过车祸,至于他现在是否已经出院之类的相关说话人并不关心。

 

五、现在完成时与现在进行时的区别

现在完成时强调动作持续到现在或刚结束;而现在进行时只强调目前的状态。如:

They have talked for about two hours. 他们谈了大约两个小时。(强调动作的持续)

They are talking. 他们在谈话。 (强调目前的状态)

The students have done their homework. 孩子们已做完了家庭作业。

The students are doing their homework. 孩子们在做家庭作业。

另外,现在进行时还可表示将来意义。如:

He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市。(其结果是――他不在这个城市)

He is leaving the city. 他要离开这个城市。(现在进行时表示将来)

We have invited him here to speak, so we’d better go to his lecture. 我们邀请他来这儿讲演,所以我们最好去听讲。

We are inviting him here to speak, so we’d better go to his lecture. 我们打算邀请他来这儿讲演,所以我们最好去听讲。

 

、现在完成时用法重要补充

前面讲到过现在完成时的两个基本用法,一是“影响性用法”,二是表示“持续性用法”。但除此之外,现在完成时还有以下用法值得注意:

1. 现在完成表示重复性

即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况,并且有这个不断重复的动作可能继续下去,也可能到现在就结束。如:

How often have you seen her? 你隔多少见她一次?

My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向骑车上班。

2. 现在完成表示将来

现在完成时有时可用于时间或条件状语从句中代替一般现在时,但表示的是将来意义。如:

Don’t get off until the bus has stopped. 等车停稳之后再下车。

You can go out if you have finished your homework. 如果你做完了作来,你就可以出去。

这两句中的现在完成时也可换成一般现在时,即分别改为stopsfinish,但语气没有用现在完成时那样强调。但这样替换的场合通常只限于某些终止性动词,若从句谓语为延续性动词,则不可以这样替换。如下面这句中的现在完成时就不能换成一般现在时:

When you have rested, I’ll show you the garden. 等你休息好之后,我领你看我们的花园。

 

七、have been tohave gone to

have been to表示曾经去过某地但现在不在那儿have gone to表示现在已去某地现在不在这儿。如:

Have you ever been to Greece? 你去过希腊吗?

The Smiths have gone to Canada for a holiday. 史密斯全家都到加拿大度假去了。

与表示次数的once, twice, three times等连用时,只能用have been to,不能用have gone to。如:

She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次。

另外,have been to除可后接地点表示去过某地外,有时还可以接表示活动的名词,表示去参加过某种活动,或接动词原形(尤其是动词see),表示去做过某事。如:

She’s just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。

He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 我生病以来他从未来看过我。

 

八、与现在完成时连用的典型词语

1. since

since表示自从……以来时,无论是用作介词、连词还是副词,since都通常要与现在完成时连用。如:

I’ve had nothing to eat since lunchtime. 从午饭时间到现在我什么都没吃。

We’ve lost a lot of custom since our prices went up. 自从提价以后,我们失去了许多顾客的生意。

I met him last autumn and haven’t seen him ever since. 我去年秋天碰见过他,打那以后就一直没有见过他。

第一句中的since为介词,其后接名词作宾语,句子时态为现在完成时have had;第三句中的since为连词,引导时间状语从句,主句时态为现在完成时have lost;第三句中的since为副词,其后不接任何词语,句子时态为现在完成时 haven’t seen

但是,当since从句的主句表示时间长度时,主句谓语通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如:

It’s a long time since they left. 他们走后很久了。

It is ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了。

由于主句表示的是时间长度a long timeten years,所以主句谓语中的现在完成时has been也可换成一般现在时is。虽然两种时态都可以用,但在口语中人们通常还是喜欢用比较简单的一般现在时。

 

2. in the last five years

类似于in the last five years的时间状语,它若表示从现在算起的过去一段时间内,通常要与现在完成时连用。如:

The house has changed hands three times in the last two years. 在过去两年中,这栋房子已转手三次。

3. in the past five years

类似于in the past five years的时间状语,它表示从现在算起的过去一段时间,因此通常要与现在完成时连用。如:

I’ve seen little of her in the past few weeks. 近几周我很少见到她。

We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past five years. 过去五年我们种了成千上万棵树。

4. over the years

over the years 的意思是这些年来”“经过这么多年之后”“最近几年,通常表示的是从现在算起的过去几年,因此通常与现在完成时连用。如:

She’s brought us so much happiness over the years. 这些年来,她给我们带来了不少的幸福。

We’ve had a few arguments over the years, but in general we get on very well. 最近几年来,我们争吵过几次,但总的说来,我们相处得很好。

5. so far

so far表示到目前为止时,它指的是从过去某时持续到现在的一段时间,因此通常与现在完成时连用。如:

So far 500 people have died in the earthquake. 到现在为止,已有500人在地震中丧生。

So far the work has been easy, but things may change. 到目前为止,这工作很容易,但情况可能有变化。

但是,当 so far 表示到这种程度或范围时,则不一定与现在完成时连用,而是可以根据情况选用时态。如:

I can only help him so far. 我只能帮他到这种程度。

6. up to now

up to now 的意思是到现在为此,指从过去持续到现在的一段时间,通常与现在完成时连用。如

Up to now he’s been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默。

Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。

7. It’s the first time that…

It’s the first [second, third…] time that… 的意思是这是第一次第二次、第三次……做某事其中的that从句通常要用现在完成时。如:

It’s the second time I’ve come here. 这是我第二次来这儿。

It’s the first time that he has seen an elephant. 这是他第一次见到大象。

 

九、现在完成时典型考题(附详解)

1.______ my glasses?

―Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.

A. Do you see           B. Had you see          C. Would you see      D. Have you seen

分析:D现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响:问话人的目的是想知道眼镜在哪里。又如:

Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗?

―No, I just arrived five minutes ago. 没等多久,我刚到五分钟。

2. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A. hasn’t written        B. doesn’t write         C. won’t write           D. hadn’t written

分析:A。由 recently by now 可知用现在完成时。又如:

I’ve been on rather too many planes and trains recently. 近来我乘飞机和火车次数太多了。

We haven’t seen enough of Ray and Barbara recently. 近来, 我们没怎么看见雷和巴巴拉。

3. John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that.

A. had been; has seen                                  B. have been; have seen

C. had been; had seen                                  D. have been; had seen

分析:D。到目前为止成为朋友八年,用现在完成时; 在那次晚会相识成为朋友之前已经见过几次面,用过去完成时。又如:

I have had this car for ten years. 这辆车我已经买了十年了。

I haven’t seen Tom for two years. 我已经有两年没见到汤姆了。

I’ve lived in Central London for six years now, so I’m used to the noise. 到目前为止,我已在伦敦中区住了6年,已经习惯于那里的喧闹声了。

4. ―How long ______ David and Vicky ______ married?

―For about four years.

A. were; being           B. have; got              C. have; been            D. did; get

分析C。由 For about four years 可知要用现在完成时排除 A D; 与时间段连用不可用 get married, 要用 be married。又如:

I’ve worn glasses for ten years. 我戴眼镜已经十年了。

The Kenways have lived here for five years. 肯威家在这儿已经住了5年了。

5. How can you possibly miss the news? It ______ on TV all day long.

A. has been     B. had been     C. was      D. will be

分析:A。信息句为一般现在时,根据后句中all day long判断,这显然是强调播放新闻对现在的影响,故选现在完成时。又如:

We have waited all day.  我们等了整整一天了。

I haven’t seen her all day. 我一整天都没看见她。

I’ve had a headache all day. 我整天都感到头痛。

6. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book______50 million.

A. have reached         B. has reached           C. are reaching          D. had reached

分析:A。因为that is意为“换句话说,即 (=in other words, which means)”,而前句中的谓语has set是现在完成时,后一句的谓语动词也应用现在完成时,排除CD; 又因主语the sales是复数,选出正确答案A

7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ______ increased enormously ever since.

A. is                         B. was                      C. has been               D. had been

分析:C。因为ever since的意思是“从那时(1945)起一直到现在”,表示从过去某一时刻起一直延续到现在的动作或状态,要用现在完成时,现在完成时由“have /has+过去分词”构成,所以选C

8. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science ______ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.

A. showed                 B. has shown             C. will show             D. is showing

分析:B由表示对照的Years agorecent可知,“以前不知”,但“现在已经证明了”,所以用现在完成时。

 

9. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I ______ before.

A. was having           B. have                     C. have ever had        D. had ever had

分析:C。与before连用,用现在完成时。再说,此处没有一个过去时间或动作比较,是不能用过去完成时的。

10. My brother is an actor. He ______in several film so far.

A. appears                 B. appeared               C. has appeared         D. is appearing

分析:C。因so far(到目前为止)通常与现在完成时连用。

11. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992.

A. change                 B. has changed          C. changing              D. have changed

分析:Bsince 1992这类时间状语通常与现在完成时连用。主句主语是the country life,句中he was used to是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。

12. Although medical science ______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.

A. achieved               B. has achieved          C. will achieve          D. had achieved

分析:B。用现在完成时表示结果或对现在的影响。又如:The streets have been swept free of leaves. 街上的落叶已打扫干净。

13.______ leave at the end of this month.

― I don’t think you should do that until ______ another job.

A. I’m going to; you’d found                     B. I’m going to; you’ve found

C. I’ll; you’ll find                                      D. I’ll; you’d find

分析:B。第一空用be going to表示打算或意图,第二空用现在完成时暗示对方应该“先找到新工作,然后再辞职”。注:第二空若不用现在完成时,用一般现在时也可以。

14. This machine ______. It hasn’t worked for years.

A. didn’t work          B. wasn’t working     C. doesn’t work         D. isn’t working

分析:C此处讲的是机器目前的状况,故用一般现在时。此题所利用的干扰时态是其后的现在完成时。

15. My friend, who ______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (www.yywords.com)

A. served                  B. is serving              C. had served            D. has served

分析:D。由于是下个月将要退休说明现在还在职据此可排除AC; 再根据句中的all his life可知要用现在完成时

16. I ______ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.

A. lived                    B. was living  C. have lived                    D. had lived

分析:A。许多同学一看到后面的have never regretted为现在完成时,同时选项C也是现在完成时,结果滥用时态呼应,将答案误选C。其实,此题的最佳答案是A。句中but后的句子告诉我们,说话者现在已搬回了上海,所以他住在伦敦应属于过去的事情,故应用一般过去时。

17. We ______ our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know their names.

A. don’t meet            B. won’t meet           C. haven’t met          D. hadn’t met

分析:C。后文我们还不知道邻居的名字,这说明我们还没有见面,故用现在完成时。

18. Danny ______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.

A. works                   B. is working            C. has worked           D. worked

分析:C。表示从过去一直待续到现在的一段时间,要用现在完成时。

 

 

19. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ______ so small that a day is unimportant.

A. is                         B. are                       C. has been               D. have been

分析:A。句子主语为the time,故用谓语要用单数; 再根据句子前后的时态liveis,可知此处宜用一般现在时,不用现在完成时,故选A

20.______ you ______ him around the museum yet?

― Yes. We had a great time there.

A. Have; shown         B. Do; show              C. Had; shown          D. Did; show

分析:A。根据问句中的yet可知,所谈论的事情发生在最近的过去,且问话者很关心这个过去发生的事情对现在的影响和结果,所以用现在完成时。注意:不要受答语中过去式谓语had的影响而误选C

21. I have got a headache.

No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long.

A. work                    B. are working          C. have been working    D. worked

分析:C。由于在电脑前工作太久,所以导致了现在头痛的结果,故空格处应填现在完成时或现在完成进行时,即答案选C

22. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet.

A. hasn’t been decided                               B. haven’t decided    

C. isn’t being decided                                D. aren’t decided

分析:A。根据句意,此处应用被动语态,不用主动语态; 再根据句末的yet可知,最好用现在完成时。故选A最佳。

23. So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.

A. saw                      B. see                       C. had seen              D. have seen

分析:D。短语so far意为“到目前为止”,它习惯上要与现在完成时连用。

24. ―Do you think we should accept that offer?

―Yes, we should, for we ______ such bad luck up till now, and time ______ out.

A. have had; is running                              B. had; is running     

C. have; has been run                                 D. have had; has been run

分析:A。根据句中的up till now可知,第一空应填现在完成时,故可排除BCrun out的意思是“(时间)流逝”,为不及物动词,以时间名词作主语时,没有被动语态,故可排除D

25. ―Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

―Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.

A. has joined             B. joins                     C. had joined            D. joined

分析:Dsince she join the Chinese SocietyI have known Dr. Jackson since she join the Chinese Society之省略。连词since所搭配的时态通常是:主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。

 

26. By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.

A. walks                   B. walked                 C. has walked            D. had walked

分析:C。此处用现在完成时表示影响或结果,句子大意为:等他意识到已步入陷阱时,他就来不及采取补救措施了。

27. ―Did you go to the show last night?

―Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.(www.cpsenglish.com)

A. were                    B. have been             C. has been               D. was

分析:D。此题既考查时态的用法,同时又考查主语一致。根据问句中的时态和last night这一短语可知,此处谈的是昨晚的事,故应用一般过去时,而不用现在完成时。另外,根据英语语法,当两个或多个名词并列作主语,且受到every的修饰时,其后谓语动词要用单数。故答案选D

28. My parents ______ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.

A. live                      B. lived                    C. were living           D. will live

分析:A。根据第二句用的现在完成时态可知,说话者的父母亲现在还健在,因此排除选BC;再根据第二句句意――他们出生在香港并从未在其他任何地方居住过――可推他们目前还在香港居住,故选 A

29. ― What is the price of petrol these days?

―Oh, it ______ sharply since last month.

A. is raised                B. has risen               C. has arisen             D. is increased

分析:B。根据句中的时间状语since last month可知,句子应用现在完成时,故可排除ADarise意为“出现,发生,(烟等)从……升起”;rise意为 “(价格、温度、量等)上升、增加”。故选B。又如:It’s rained steadily since last Saturday. 自从上星期六以来一直下雨。

30. His sister left home in 1998, and ______ since.

A. had not been heard of                            B. has not been heard of

C. had not heard of                                    D. has not heard of

分析:B。根据句末的副词since可知,句子应用现在完成时,故可排除选项AC;再根据his sister和谓语hear of之间的动宾关系,可确定答案为B。句意为:他妹妹1998年离家后再也没有消息。

31. Progress ______ so far very good and we’re sure that the work will be finished on time.

A. was                      B. had been               C. has been               D. will be

分析:C。根据句中so far(到目前为止)可知判断,句子应用完成式;再根据后面一句中的时态来判断,句子应用现在完成时。句意为:到目前为止进展非常顺利,我们相信这项工作将会如期完成。又如:So far the work has been easy but things may change. 到目前为止,这工作很容易,但情况可能有变化。

32. This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family.

A. see                       B. had seen               C. saw                      D. have seen

分析:D。根据英语习惯,在It / This / That is the first / second time+(that)…句型中,从句一般用现在完成时。句意为:这是我们作为一家人第一次在电影院看电影。又如:This is the first time I’ve seen you wearing a dress. 这是我第一次看到你穿一件连衣裙。

 

33. ―I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?

―Sorry, I______ myself clear. We want to return on October 20.

A. hadn’t made          B. wouldn’t make      C. don’t make           D. haven’t made

分析:D。对方没听清楚说话者说的话,是由于说话者没有说清楚所导致的结果,所以空格处应填现在完成时,即用现在完成时表示某个动作所造成的影响或结果。

34. When you are home, give a call to let me know you ______ safely.

A. are arriving           B. have arrived          C. had arrived           D. will arrive

分析:B。根据句子本身已有的时态可知,过去完成时had arrived不能选;再根据常识,说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安,故选现在完成时。

35. Up to now, the program ______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

A. would save           B. saves                    C. had saved             D. has saved

分析:D。短语up to now的意思是“到现在为止”,指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间,通常与现在完成时连用。如:Her life has run smoothly up to now. 她的生活到目前仍一帆风顺。 Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。

36. For many years, people ______ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.

A. had dreamed of     B. have dreamed of    C. dreamed of           D. dream of

分析:B。根据句意和句中的时态has been可知,空格处不可能填过去时态,故可排除AC;比较BDB现在完成时,与句中的for many years(多年来)相吻合,故选B

37. When shall we restart our business?

Not until we ______ our plan.

A. will finish             B. are finishing          C. are to finish          D. have finished

分析:D。由于until引导的是时间状语从句,所以不能直接使用将来时态,由此可排除A;再根据句意和常识可知,人们通常是先制定计划,然后付诸实施,故空格处填现在完成时比较符合句子语境。

38. ―We’ve spent too much money recently.

―Well, it isn’t surprising. Our friends and relatives ______ around all the time.

A. are coming           B. had come              C. were coming         D. have been coming

分析:D现在完成时的基本用法是从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。根据句意可知,正是因为最近一直有朋友和亲戚来访,所以导致花钱较多。

39. ―Why do you want to work for our company?

―This is the job that I ______ for.

A. looked                  B. am to look            C. had looked            D. have been looking

分析:D。用现在完成时表示最近一直在做的事情,以强调求职者对此工作的重视和珍惜。又如:

We have been entertaining each other in your absence. 你不在时我们彼此款待。

Snails have been eating our lettuces. 蜗牛一直在吃我们的莴苣。

 

 

40. ―I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______ on my desk?

I put it there just now in case you needed it.(www.yygrammar.com)

A. does it land           B. has it landed          C. will it land            D. had it landed

分析:BI didn’t ask for the name list用的是一般过去时,因为这是在陈述过去的事实;而 Why has it landed on my desk 用的是现在完成时,因为说话者需要强调影响或结果,即自己并没有向人要这份名单,但这份名单却放在了自己的桌上。又如:

A large number of books have been stolen from the library. 图书馆遗失了很多书。

There have been a lot of accidents in the fog. I read about one this morning. 这大雾天已发生了很多事故。今天上午我就看到其中一宗的报道。

41. It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. 

A. attended               B. had attended          C. are attended          D. have attended

分析:D。本来当一个受最高级形容词修饰的名词受到定语从句的修饰时,该定语从句既可用一般过去时,也可用现在完成时,但由于其后接了一个since引导的时间状语从句,故空格处应填现在完成时。句意为:自从我到这个学校以来,这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。又如:

I’ve loved you ever since I met you. 自从我见到你,我就一直爱你。

He’s one of the company’s golden boys; sales have doubled since he took over as marketing director. 他是该公司非常成功的小伙,自他担任市场部主任以来,销售额已翻了一番。

42. In the last few years thousands of films ______ allover the word.

A. have produced                                      B. have been produced

C. are producing                                        D. are being produced

分析:Bin the last few years 这类时间状语通常要与现在完成时连用。又如:

In the last few years, prices have fallen sharply. 在过去的几年中,价格已急剧下降了。

Science has made great advances in the last fifty years. 在过去的50年中,科学进步得很快。

 

 

 

英语动词16种时态用法详解

 

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