一、过去分词用法概述
过去分词的语法作用，是人教版高中英语必修5的一个重要语法项目，该内容几乎贯穿于全册当中。鉴于课本和一般语法书都对此作了较为详尽的论述，本文仅对过去分词的一些特殊问题做一探讨，以期抛砖引玉。
过去分词，属于英语动词的一个语法范畴。它跟动词不定式、动名词和现在分词一样，是“非谓语动词”的形式之一。它在句中主要作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。过去分词的构成是“动词原形+ed”，不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆。过去分词只有一种形式，没有进行时和完成时。因为“being done”不叫过去分词的进行时，而是现在分词的被动式；“having been done”不是过去分词的完成时，而是现在分词的完成被动式。
学过语法的人都知道，过去分词具有“被动”和“完成”两大特征。这是为什么呢？因为这一切皆缘于：过去分词跟be构成被动语态，跟have (had) 构成完成时态的这个事实。过去分词无论在句中作何种成分，被其修饰的成分或其逻辑主语与它的关系一般是被动的关系，而且往往具有完成的意味。
1. 过去分词跟be构成被动语态：A large number of trees were planted around our school.
2. 过去分词跟have (had) 构成完成时态：Tom has passed his final English examination.
关于过去分词的语法作用，一般语法书都对此作了较为详尽的论述。鉴于此，本文不作详细赘述。过去分词（短语）在句中可以充当定语、表语、宾补和状语：
John Snow helped the ordinary people exposed to cholera. (作定语)
The teacher was pleased with my answer to the question. (作表语)
The foreigner tried to make himself understood, but failed. (作宾补)
Seen from space, the Great Wall looks like a huge dragon. (作状语)
二、用过去分词还是用现在分词的被动式？
过去分词和被动形式的现在分词，虽然是两个不同的概念，但有时候用法十分接近，有时候差别还很大，这要视具体句子作出判断。前面说过，过去分词只有一种形式，没有进行时，也没有完成时。因此，请注意识别以下问题：
written (过去分词)
being written (现在分词的被动式)
having been written (现在分词的完成被动式)
以上三种形式，它们的共同特点都表“被动”，这一点毫无疑问，但差别是很大的。下面让我们通过实例比较它们的差异。
【第一组】
1. The book written by Mr Brown is very instructive. 布朗先生写的那本书很有教育意义。
written by Mr Brown 是“过去分词”作定语，表示“被动和完成”。相当于一个过去时或现在完成时的定语从句：The book which was (has been) written by Mr Brown is very instructive.
2. The book being written by Mr Brown is going to be published next month. 布朗先生正在写的那本书将在下月出版。
being written by Mr Brown 是“现在分词的被动式”作定语，表示“被动和进行”。 相当于一个进行时的定语从句：The book which is being written by Mr Brown is going to be published next month.
3. The book having been written by Mr Brown is very instructive. (误)
本句存在语法错误。“现在分词的完成被动式”只能作状语用，表示其动作早于谓语动词的动作，但不能作定语。
【第二组】
1. She heard her name called just a moment ago. 刚才她听见有人叫她的名字。
called是过去分词作宾补，表示“被动和完成”。
2. She heard her name being called from behind and stopped to look back. 她听见有人在后面一直叫她的名字，就停下来向后看。
being called是现在分词的被动语态作宾补，表示“被动和进行”。
3. She heard her name having been called from behind and stopped to look back. (误)
本句存在语法错误。“现在分词的完成被动式”只能作状语用，表示其动作早于谓语动词的动作，但不能作宾补。
【第三组】
1. Set up more than one hundred years ago, this school is very famous in the city. 这所学校成立于100多年前，在本市很有名。
2. Being watched by so many people then, she felt very nervous at the stage. 当时由于那么多人在观看她，所以她在台上很紧张。
用在句首作状语时，“过去分词”表示“被动和完成”；而“现在分词的被动式”表示“被动和进行”。
【第四组】
1. Tired out after a long walk, they had to stop at the foot of the mountain for a rest.
2. Being tired out after a long walk, they had to stop at the foot of the mountain for a rest.
作状语时，分词表示“状态”而不是“动作”的情况下，“过去分词”和“现在分词的被动式”都可以用，意思几乎没有差别。又如：
Satisfied (=Being satisfied) with his experiment, the professor went out of his office merrily.
Seated (=Being seated) around the table, we listened to the chairman attentively.
Unemployed (=Being unemployed), he hasn’t got much money.
Well taken care of (=Being well taken care of), she recovered quickly.
【第五组】
1. Compared with them, we still have a long way to go. 和他们相比，我们还有很长的路要走。
2. Having been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab. 带着参观了图书馆后，我们又被带去参观实验室。
过去分词 Compared with them 作条件状语，与句子谓语动词发生的时间没有先后之分，或者先后时间不明确。句1相当于If we are compared with them, we still have a long way to go. 而“现在分词的完成被动式”Having been shown the library 一定早于句子谓语动词发生的时间，句2相当于After we had been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab. 一般来讲，只要动作早于谓语动词发生的时间，而且又是被动意义，就应使用“现在分词的完成被动式”。又如：
Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up. 邮递员被狗咬了两次之后要我们把狗拴起来，不然就不给我们送信了。
Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well leave. 既然要我留下，我就不好走了。
句中的having been asked to stay有两层意思：一是“要我留下”在先，“我不好离开”在后，这就是使用现在分词完成式的原因；二是“我”与“要求”之间为被动关系，即“我”是“被”要求留下的，而不是我自动留下的，说明这里应该使用被动式。
三、“get+过去分词”为哪般？
在《中学教学全解》高中英语（必修1）的“名师大讲堂”中，我写的一篇文章叫《get与be的纠葛》，那篇文章主要论述“get +过去分词”和“be+过去分词”的区别。那么，可能有人要问，它们的区别已经了解，现在的问题是，英语中有哪些动词的过去分词，经常用在“get +过去分词”结构中？
“get +过去分词”，在英语中是一个比较常见的语言现象，在阅读中可以说俯拾皆是。但许多学生对该结构的用法并不是十分熟悉，尤其是不知道它与普通的被动语态有何区别，不知道其中的“过去分词”是否有什么特别的限制。作为教师，我们有必要做一总结。
1. 用于“get +过去分词”结构的过去分词，经常是表示日常起居和生活类的及物动词。例如：
He could not wash himself or get dressed. 他既不会洗刷，也不会穿衣。
She got washed after she came back home from work. 她下班回到家后洗了澡。
They began to watch TV as soon as they got seated. 他们一坐下就看电视。
He got shaved and then went down the stairs. 他刮完脸，然后走下楼梯。
They were walking out for years before they got married. 他们恋爱多年才结婚。
2. 用于“get +过去分词”结构的过去分词，往往是一些表示心理和情绪变化，以及习惯形成的“使令性动词”。例如：
She got very pleased with her new room. 她对她的新房间颇为满意。
I got surprised at the news. 这消息使我吃惊。
I think the kids will get amused at the magic. 我觉得孩子们将会被魔术逗乐。
She soon got tired of learning English. 很快她就对学英语厌倦了。
You will soon get used to this kind of work. 你很快就会习惯这种工作。
You will soon get accustomed to the climate here. 你会很快习惯这里的气候的。
Some teenagers don’t realize what a difficult life it can be after they get addicted to drugs. 一些青少年认识不到在他们沉溺于毒品后，生活是多么艰难。
3. 用于“get +过去分词”结构的过去分词，其动词多为表示“负面的、消极的、突发偶发事件，或者人们不愿意发生的事情”。例如：
I tried to find my way round
I never drank in order to get drunk. 我喝酒从来不是为了要买醉。
We were surprised at the news that she got divorced. 听到她离婚的消息，我们都很惊讶。
He got injured by a car when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞伤了。
The picture got damaged when we were moving. 我们搬家时，这幅画受了损。
The miners got trapped in the deep mine last Tuesday. 上周二矿工们被困在深井中。
They did get caught in the rain last night. 他们昨天晚上确实被雨淋着了。
Tom didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 汤姆昨天晚上没有挨打。
She got burned while she was cooking in the kitchen. 她在厨房做饭时被烫伤。
I got drunk for the first time in my life last night. 昨晚我有生以来第一次喝醉了。
She nearly got hit by a car. 她差点被汽车撞上了。
Don’t play with knives. You might get hurt. 不要玩刀子，说不定会伤着自己。
Happily none got killed in that accident. 幸亏那起车祸没有造成死亡。
I gave you a map so you wouldn’t get lost. 我给你一张地图 这样你就不会迷路了。
The food will get burnt if you don’t take it away from the fire. 如果你不把食物从火上拿开，就会被烧掉。
The water in the river is getting polluted. 河里的水即将被污染。
Tom got punished because he had not finished his homework. 汤姆因没完成作业，而受到惩罚。
My watch got broken while I was playing with the children. 我跟孩子们玩的时候把表弄坏了。
She was getting worried about her exams. 她当时正在为考试发愁呢。
You will be getting puzzled if you don’t know the truth. 如果你不了解实情，你会变得迷惑不解。
The car got stuck in the mud because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨，汽车陷在泥里。
The man got locked up and sentenced to a quarter century. 那人坐了牢，被判刑三分之一世纪。
I got scolded for not doing my homework. 我因为没做功课而被责骂。
Our team got beaten by the visitors. 我们的队被客队打败了。
Every year some people get struck by lightning. 每年都有一些人被闪电击中。
You have fooled me, but we can't get fooled again. 你骗了我一次，但我们不会再上当了。
The secret got known at 10 o’clock. 秘密在十点钟就被人们知道了。
四、“have + sth. +过去分词”都是“让别人做某事”吗？
该结构中的过去分词用作宾语补足语，其中have是使役动词。一直以来，我们教给学生说：have sth. done 这个句型，意思是“让别人做某事”。现在，课本有个句子When do the students have to have their poems completed? 这个句子是不是说“学生要让别人帮他们完成诗歌”？根据现实和语境，这是不可能的事情，因为我们反对学生让别人代笔。
这句话的意思应当是：“学生什么时候必须写完他们的诗歌？”显然是“自己写诗歌”，不是替人捉刀。have sth. done 不一定都是“让别人做某事”，有时候是主语自己去做，这要具体情况具体分析。这个句型主要有4种含义，现分别举例如下：
(1) 表示主语主动让别人或者只能让别人做的事情：
When did you have your hair cut? 你什么时间理的发？
Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to the palace outside St Petersburg. 后来，凯瑟琳二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡以外的宫殿。
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
Can I have this parcel weighed here? 我可以在这儿称一下这个包裹吗?
I want to have my daughter educated in England. 我想让我女儿在英国受教育。
(2) 表示主语遭遇到不愿意发生的事情：
She had her hands burnt when she was cooking supper. 做晚饭时，她的手被烫伤了。
Tom had his pocket picked in the supermarket. 在超市里汤姆的口袋被小偷光顾了。
John had his arm broken. 约翰的手臂摔断了。
He had his window broken to pieces. 他的窗户给打破了。
(3) 表示主语自己做，而不是让别人做的事情：
After they had their homework finished, the children went out to play. 完成了作业之后，孩子们出去玩耍。
Have your medicine taken three times a day. Don’t forget it. 一日三次服药，别忘了。
We now have the problem solved. 我们现已把这个问题解决了。
I’ve had all my mistakes corrected. 我已把所有的错误都改正过来了。
(4) 表示容忍或允许某人做某事，多用于否定句，尤与 won’t, can’t连用：
I won’t have anything said against her. 我不允许谁说她的坏话。
I refuse to have my house used as a hotel. 我不愿意让我的家给弄得像旅馆似的。
The old lady couldn’t have her room filled with a noisy crowd. 老太太不愿意让她的房间挤满嘈杂的人群。
五、have sth. done――上海一道高考难题的启示
曾几何时，上海的高考英语试题中，突然出现了这样一道考查语法的题目：
Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ________went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
此题正确答案选C。许多考生因不能正确分析句子结构，不知如何下笔。现分析如下：句中to see后的主要结构是：the washing machine went wrong again. (洗衣机又出毛病了)。其中，she had had repaired前省略了that，套用的句型是“have + 名词 + 过去分词”，即 have the washing machine repaired。另外，从时间上看，“请人修洗衣机”应在“出故障”之前，故 have the washing machine repaired 用了过去完成时态，即用 had had the washing machine repaired；从修饰角度看，题目中she had had repaired 为修饰名词 the washing machine 的定语从句（意为“她曾请人修理过的洗衣机”），引导该定语从句的关系代词为 that，因其用作宾语被省略。也正因为如此，题目中的 she had had repaired 的第二个had 后，不能用 the washing machine 或 it，这也就是为什么不能选B的原因。
如果有的考生还不明白，我们可以从反面来分析一下：假若选B，则有 (that) she had had it repaired，而它作为修饰 the washing machine 的定语从句是有问题的，为什么有问题呢？那是因为 she had had it repaired 这个句子的结构（或句子成分）是完整的，它有主语、有谓语、有宾语和宾补，这样一来，引导这个定语从句的关系代词 that 就没有着落了，因为关系代词 that 要么作主语(不可省略)，要么作宾语(可以省略)，而 she had had it repaired 这个定语从句既不缺主语，也不缺宾语，所以错了。假若去掉其中的 it，即改选C则对了。因为这样一来，that 可用作动词 repaired 的宾语。现在我们将此题的题干改编一下，而选项保持不变。现将其改为：
Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
答案应选哪个呢？选B还是C？仍然要选C，但是意思变了，即“她自己修理过的洗衣机又出故障了”，因为此时修饰 the washing machine 的定语从句变成了 she had repaired。不能选B，道理同上。
请比较下面一题：
A computer does only what people ________.
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. have done
答案选A，选项中的 it 指的是 the computer，而不是指 the work 之类的。其中的 what 用作动词 do 的宾语。句意为“计算机只能做人们让它做的事情。”
六、“过去分词”一定表被动吗？
英语语法有一条规则：就是“现在分词表主动；过去分词表被动”，这已经是大家公认的规则了。
然而，任何事物都有其特殊的现象和内在规律，英语亦然。在有些情况下，英语过去分词无论作状语、作宾补还是作定语，并不表示被动，而是主动。例如：
Faced with so many problems, they never gave up. 面对如此多的问题，他们从未放弃。
We found John seated in a chair, writing a letter. 我们发现约翰坐在椅子上，正在写信。
The woman dressed in red clothes was his aunt. 这个穿红色衣服的女人是他的姨妈。
语法书上讲“过去分词表被动”，但这却是“过去分词表主动”，或者说“被动语态表主动”。这是一个很有意思的问题，英语中确实存在这种现象，应该是有一定规律可循的。下面对此作一分析归纳。
（一）首先，这种现象的本质之一，缘于反身代词的用法。主语和宾语为同一个人，主语是动作的发出者，又是动作的接受者，这就出现了被动语态或过去分词都表示“主动”含义的语言现象。常见的这类用法归纳如下：
abandon yourself to沉湎于=be abandoned to
absorb oneself in 专心于=be absorbed in
dress oneself in穿衣= be dressed in
seat oneself in/on坐在=be seated in/on
face oneself with 面对=be faced with
addict oneself to 沉迷于=be addicted to
accustom oneself to 习惯于=be accustomed to
devote oneself to 献身于=be devoted to
hide oneself 藏起来=be hidden
lose oneself in 迷失于=be lost in
settle oneself in定居于=be settled in
prepare oneself for为做准备=be prepared for
recover oneself from 从病中中痊愈= be recovered from
camp oneself in在某地宿营=be camped in
例如：
Absorbed in the newspaper, he didn’t hear the bell. 他专心读报，连门铃也没听见。
Camped in the field across the stream, we could go fishing during the day. 在小溪对面的田野里宿营，我们可以在白天去钓鱼。
Fully recovered from his operation, he decided to leave the hospital. 从他的手术完全恢复后，他决定离开医院。
（二）英语中有一种“使令性动词”，意为“使……怎么样”，表示人的心理或情绪变化。这类动词在句子中经常以过去分词的面貌出现，但在意思上却没有被动的意思。例如：
Satisfied with his result of the final examination, Tom was smiling all the time. 由于对期末考试结果很满意，汤姆乐得一直在笑。
Disappointed at her son’s behavior, she couldn’t sleep well all the time. 因对儿子的表现感到失望，她一直睡不好觉。
Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had mad a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. (P 14, Unit 2, Book 5) 因担心可用的时间有限，张萍玉事先列出了她计划在伦敦参观的景点。
常见的这类“使令性动词”有：satisfy, frighten, amuse, amaze, surprise, astonish, shock, bore, tire, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, interest, annoy, fascinate, upset, puzzle, confuse, move, worry, inspire, embarrass, frustrate, please, fascinate, disturb, terrify, horrify, thrill, relax等，都有这种用法。
（三）表示坐落、位置等概念的一些动词，其过去分词也表示主动意思。例如：
You find most of the population settled in the south. (P 10, Unit 2, Book 5) 你发现大部分人口定居在南方。
Located near the river, the chemical factory is ready to pour waste water into it and has caused much pollution. 由于坐落在河的附近，化工厂随时把废水倒入其中，造成大量污染。
They found a small village situated in the center of the forest and looked like a leaf. 他们发现一个小村庄坐落在森林中央，像片树叶一样。
（四）表示“倾注、专心、集中、习惯”等含义的动词，其被动语态或过去分词，也有此种用法。例如：
The English professor was busied/occupied/employed/engaged in preparing his lecture. 英语教授忙于准备他的演讲。
He was so absorbed in thought that he ran against a passerby. 他全神贯注地想心事，以至于和一个行人撞了个满怀。
She is devoted to the cause of the people’s education. 她献身于人民的教育事业。
Tom was lost in thought. 汤姆陷入了沉思。
They were deeply buried in his work. 他们埋头工作。
We should be concerned about the growth of the young people. 我们应当关心年轻人的成长。
You will soon be used / accustomed to the climate here. 你不久就会习惯这里的气候的。
The child was addicted to computer games. 这孩子沉迷于电脑有游戏。
（五）表示“装饰、盛满、装备”等含义的动词，也有此用法。例如：
This bottle is filled with milk. 这个瓶子盛满了牛奶。
The room was crowded with people. 房间挤满了人。
The meeting hall was decorated with fresh flowers. 会议大厅装饰着鲜花。
That newly built plant is equipped with modern machines. 那家新建的工厂装备着现代化机器。
（六）此外，下列情况也是“过去分词不表示被动”：
1. 不及物动词的过去分词，由于该动词不能带宾语，所以其过去分词通常不表示被动意义，而表示主动意义，当它们用在名词前时尤其如此。如：
She teaches advanced students English. 她教高水平的学生英语。
The escaped prisoner has been captured. 逃犯已被抓获。
The wind blew away the fallen leaves. 风把落叶刮走了。
The bear was a fully grown adult. 那只熊已完全发育成熟。
She is now a retired teacher. 她现在是一名退休教师。
2. 某些受副词修饰的过去分词也表示主动意义。如：
My teacher is a well-read person. 我的老师是一个博览群书的人。
His friend was considered as a much-travelled man. 他的朋友被看作是一个周游各地的人。
They are recently-arrived immigrants. 他们是最近到达的移民。
Those badly faded curtains look very dirty. 那些退色严重的窗帘看起来很脏。
3. 下面一些表达也过去分词无被动含义。如：
Helen was married last year. 海伦去年结婚了。
We are united as one. 我们团结一致。
She was graduated for a medical college. 她毕业于医学院。
I’m finished with my work. 我已完成了我的工作。
We are well prepared for the final examination. 我们准备好了期末考试。
We are all agreed on that issue. 我们对那个问题意见完全一致。
He is experienced in teaching. 他教学经验丰富。
七、“过去分词”和“现在分词”的两难选择
动词set有“制定”之意。下列句子是选过去分词set，还是现在分词setting？
They established a standard ________ committee. （他们建立了一个制定标准的委员会。）
有人说，“标准”和“制定”是被动关系，当然选择过去分词set；也有人说，“委员会”和“制定”是主动关系，自然选择现在分词setting。问题的焦点在于，set这个动词到底修饰哪个词：standard还是committee？答案当然是后者。
这是一种“A名词+现在分词+B名词”结构。该结构中的修饰关系是：“A名词+现在分词”作“B名词”的定语，“A名词”是现在分词的逻辑宾语。根据这种修饰关系，应选择setting。
这种现象（a standard setting committee），是一种“带有逻辑宾语的现在分词短语”作定语，等于a committee that sets standards。类似的情况有很多，例如：
English speaking people（正）
English spoken people（误）
railway building workers（正）
railway built workers（误）
a clothes selling store （正）
a clothes sold store （误）
注意：在此结构中，“A名词”原则使用单数形式，一旦换成定语从句，则根据实际情况确定使用单数还是复数。如：
English speaking people = people who speak English
railway building workers = workers who build railways
究竟选用何种分词，说到底就是看修饰关系。试比较：
Li Ming would like to go to an English speaking country to improve his spoken English.
八、“过去分词作表语”这个语法术语应废止
目前，几乎所有的英语语法书、英语教科书以及各级各类英语教辅、教学或命题测试等，都在叙说这个不合理、不正确的说法：过去分词（包括现在分词）作表语。
例如，这样的例子比比皆是：
The speech is very interesting. （现在分词interesting作表语）
We were all amazed at the news. （过去分词amazed作表语）
之所以废止这个语法术语和语法项目，理由如下：
1. 这类分词由“使令性动词”（使人的心理情绪等发生变化）演变而来，如satisfy, surprise, interest, excite, please，等等，英语中约有几十个左右这类的动词。其现在分词表示“令人怎样”，过去分词表示“感到怎样”。
这类动词在英语动词中占比例很小，“作表语”这种说法仅限于这些动词的分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。大量的行为动词没有此种用法，因此，这个术语无法概括英语语言的基本现象和规律。
2. 英语语法的术语已经非常繁杂，遵循删繁就简的原则，无论从教学还是研究角度，“现在分词或过去分词作表语”，应该废除。
3. 这个术语可能让英语初学者产生误解：现在分词作表语跟进行时态造成混淆；过去分词作表语跟被动语态造成混淆，不利于英语学习。
4. 归根结底，这是一个完美的“主系表”结构，表语是由形容词充当的。这时的分词实际上就是形容词！
九、同源现在分词和过去分词之比较
以下为常见的由“使令性动词”变化而来的现在分词和过去分词的用法。现在分词表示事物本身的性质以及给人的感受，意为“令人怎样”；过去分词表示人的心理和情绪变化，是被动的感觉，意为“感到怎样”。
1. Richard felt ________ with their ________ service at the hotel. (satisfy)
2. The movie was ________. Rose was greatly ________. (move)
3. Sophia wasn’t ________ though her answer was ________. (discourage)
4. Jenny is ________ at the ________ news. (surprise)
5. The cartoon was ________ and Victor was very ________ in it. (interest)
6. William became ________ at his ________ job. (bore)
7. The tiger looked ________, but Lily wasn’t ________. (frighten)
8. His speech was very ________. Mary became ________. (inspire)
9. Charles wasn’t ________ though the story you had told was ________. (amuse)
10. The scene was quite ________. Catherine got ________. (amaze)
11. The result of the examination was ________, so Judy became ________. (disappoint)
12. The great man’s death was ________. Henry became ________ at it. (astonish)
13. Karen felt ________ at the ________ party last night. (excite)
14. The noise is very ________. Peter has become ________. (annoy)
15.
16. Your explanation is ________. Mark has got ________. (confuse)
17.
18. The train’s delay was ________. Bill felt ________. (frustrate)
19. Helen is ________ because she has made ________ progress in her study. (please)
20. Anne was ________ by my ________ words. (encourage)
21. Samuel felt ________ when he heard her ________ words. (upset)
22. Julia became ________ of the ________ lecture by the professor. (tire)
23. David was ________ by the ________ buildings in the old city. (fascinate)
24. Nina was ________ because there had been several ________ phone calls. (disturb)
25. Andrew felt ________ when he saw the ________ battle in the film. (terrify)
(参考答案：1. satisfied, satisfying 2. moving, moved 3. discouraged, discouraging 4. surprised, surprising 5. interesting, interested 6. bored, boring 7. frightening, frightened 8. inspiring, inspired 9. amused, amusing 10. amazing, amazed 11. disappointing, disappointed 12. astonishing, astonished 13. excited, exciting 14. annoying, annoyed 15. puzzled, puzzling 16. confusing, confused 17. embarrassed, embarrassing 18. frustrating, frustrated 19. pleased, pleasing 20. encouraged, encouraging 21. upset, upsetting 22. tired, tiring 23. fascinated, fascinating 24. disturbed, disturbing 25. terrified, terrifying)