harm的语法特点与搭配特点

 

1. 用作名词,表示危害”“害处,是不可数名词。如:

It would do no harm to ask him. 你问问他没坏处。

注意常用句式 do sb harmdo harm to sb(对某人有危害)。如:

暴风雨给庄稼造成了很大的危害。

The storm did the crops a lot of harm.

The storm did a lot of harm to the crops.

2. 表示做某事的害处,其后通常接in doing sth,不接不定式。如:

What’s the harm in having a little fun? 开点玩笑有什么不好?

He may not be able to help but there’s no harm in asking him. 他可能帮不了忙,但是求他一下倒也无妨。

比较以下同义句,其中第二句中的不定式为主语,注意句首的形式主语:

去问一问他没什么害处。

There’s no harm in asking him.

It does no harm to ask him.

你同他们去没什么不好。

There’s no harm in your going with them.

It does no harm for you to go with them.

3. 用于mean no harm,意为不怀恶意”“不想伤害。如:

I mean no harm to her. 我对她并无恶意。

I mean you no harm. 我并无伤害你的意思。

He means no harm by saying what he thinks, but people tend to be upset by it. 他想到就说,并无恶意,但人们听了心里总不舒服。

4. 用作动词时,意为损害”“……有害,可用于本义或引申义,通常为及物动词,如:

Doctors say smoking harms our health. 医生说吸烟损害我们的健康。

It has harmed relations between the two countries. 这已损害了两国的关系。