一、概述
什么叫非谓语动词？非谓语动词就是在句子中不能用作谓语的动词。英语动词根据它是否能用作谓语，可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词在句中可用作谓语，而非谓语动词则不用作谓语（但可用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等）。
英语的非谓语动词有三种形式，即不定式、动名词、分词。如：
She doesn’t like me living here. 她不愿意我住这儿。
She decided to call his office. 她决定给他办公室打电话。
I saw him working in the garden. 我看见他在花园里干活。
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
以上各句中的living为动名词、to call为不定式、working为现在分词、repaired为过去分词。
非谓语动词的总体用法特点是：不定式表示将来(谓语之后)的或具体的动作；动名词表示已完成的或一般的动作；现在分词表示主动和正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。
二、考点归纳
考点1 考查习惯上后接动名词的动词用法
在初中英语中，习惯上只能后动名词作宾语，不能接不定式的动词不多，如：advise（建议），avoid（避免），consider（考虑），dislike（不喜欢），enjoy（喜爱），excuse（原谅），finish（完成），give up（放弃），imagine（想象），keep（保持），mind（介意），pardon（原谅），practise（练习），put off（推迟），stop（停止），suggest（建议）等。如：
I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。
He avoided answering my questions. 他避而不答我的问题。
He considered going to see Paul in person. 他考虑亲自去找保罗。
Mary’s mother enjoys listening to music. 玛丽的母亲喜欢听音乐。
The man kept looking at her. 这个人不断地看她。
Would you mind helping me for a few minutes? 您抽几分钟帮我个忙好吗?
The doctor said I must give up smoking. 医生说我必须戒烟。
另外还要注意某些特殊结构后面也习惯上要接动名词，不接不定式。如：
The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。
Knowledge is worth working for. 知识是值得努力追求的。
【考例1】No one knew why the woman kept ________ at the party. (湖南益阳中考题)
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed
【分析】答案选C。动词keep（保留，持续）后接另一动词作宾语时，该动词要用动名词。
【考例2】―What should we do to fight A/H1N1 flu?
―We should wash hands often, avoid ________ to crowded places and so on. (福建漳州中考题)
A. go B. going C. gone D. to go
【分析】答案选B。动词avoid（避免）后接另一动词作宾语时，其后的动词要用动名词，不能用不定式。又如：He avoided answering my questions. 他避而不答我的问题。
考点2 考查介词后接动词的用法
在通常情况下，在介词后接一个动词作宾语时，该动词要用动名词。如：
How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?
The Swiss are clever at making watches. 瑞士人善于制表。
Excuse me for coming back, Doctor. 医生，原谅我又回来了。
He left without paying his bill. 他没有付账就走了。
What did you do after leaving school? 离开学校之后你干什么了?
Before going out I phoned Betty. 出门之前我给贝蒂打了一个电话。
【考例】―How about ________ in the river with us?
―Sorry I can’t. My parents often tell me ________ that. (深圳中考题)
A. swim, don’t do B. swim, to do
C. swimming, not do D. swimming, not to do
【分析】答案选D。第一空应填动名词，因为空格前的about为介词，故可排除A和B；第二空应填not to do，因为tell所用的句型是tell sb to do sth和tell sb not to do sth。
考点3 考查习惯上后接不定式的动词用法
初中英语中习惯上只后接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的动词不多，主要的有有： agree（同意），ask（要求），decide（决定），expect（期待），help（帮助），hope（希望），manage（设法），offer（主动提出），plan（计划），prepare（准备），promise（答应），refuse（拒绝），want（想要），wish（希望）。如：
She agreed to wait for me. 她同意等我。
I didn’t expect to see you here. 没想到在这里碰到你。
I decided to ask for my money back. 我决定把我的钱要回来。
I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。
Tom refused to lend her any more money. 汤姆拒绝再借钱给她。
I want to stay at home tonight. 今晚我想待在家里。
Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?
另外，动词live和love表示“喜欢”时，后接不定式或动名词均可，且意思相同，如：
I like watching [to watch] TV. 我喜欢看电视。
但是，当它们与would连用时，则只能后接不定式，不能接动名词。如：
I’d like to go with them. 我想同他们一起去。
He’d like to be a teacher. 他希望当教师。
【考例1】The boy promised ________ late for school again.(江苏徐州中考题)
A. to not be B. not to be C. not being D. being not
【分析】答案选A。表示答应做某事，promise后要接不定式，不能接动名词。又如：He promised to lend me some money. 他答应借给我一些钱。
【考例2】―Shall we stay at home watching TV tonight?
―No, I’d like ________ and see the “Nest” Stadium(鸟巢运动场). (湖南娄底中考题)
A. to go B. go C. went D. going
【分析】答案选A。would like后接动词时只用不定式，不用动名词，更不能用动词原型或过去式。又如：I’d like to think it over. 我想好好考虑一下。
考点4 考查接不定式或动名词意思不同的动词
有些动词后接不定式或动名词均可，但是意思不同，主要有以下几类值得注意：
1. remember, forget, regret：remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式表示动作尚未发生，后接动名词(可用一般式或完成式)表示动作已经发生。比较：
Don’t forget to tell him the news. 别忘告诉他这消息。
I forgot telling her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。
Remember to turn out the lights before you go to bed. 临睡前别忘了关灯。
I remember reading about it in the papers. 我记得在报纸上看到过这事。
2. go on：其后接不定式表示接着做另一事，接动名词表示接着做同样的事或不停地做着同样的事。如：
They went on to talk about other matters. 他们接着又谈别的事情。
They went on talking about their own matters. 他们继续他们自己的事情。
注：go on后接的doing也可视为现在分词而非动名词。
3. try：其后接不定式表示设法去做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有何效果)。如：
I’ll try to be more careful next time. 下次我要更小心一些。
Try holding your breath to stop sneezing. 试着屏住呼吸以止住打喷嚏。
4. can’t help：其后接动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮忙去做某事。如：
I can’t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这地方。
He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。
5. stop：其后接动名词表示停止正在做的事情，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另外一件事。如：
The bus stopped to take on more passengers. 公共汽车停下让乘客上车。
He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了。
【考例1】―I feel tired and sleepy. (ask.yygrammar.com)
―Why not stop ________? (湖北十堰中考题)
A. resting B. breaking C. to relax D. to work
【分析】答案选C。前文说“感到很累而且想睡觉”，说明对方会建议停下来休息一下，故选C。stop to relax的意思是“停下来放松一下”。
【考例2】―Don’t forget ________ my parents when you are in Beijing.
―OK! I won’t. (湖南长沙中考题)
A. to see B. sees C. seeing D. see
【分析】答案选A。根据答语中的OK! I won’t（好的，我不会忘记的）可知，前面一句空格处所提到的动作尚未发生，故填不定式。
考点5 考查疑问词接不定式
“疑问词+不定式”是英语中一个很有用的结构，它在句子主要用作宾语，有时也用作主语或表语。如：
We must think what to do. 我们必须考虑怎么办。
When to leave has not been decided. 何时离开还没有决定。
The question is how to find him. 问题是如何找到他。
注意，当“疑问词+不定式”中的疑问词是why时，其后的不定式不能带to。如：
Why not go there at once? 为什么不马上去那儿呢?
Why argue with her? 为什么要跟她争论呢?
【考例1】―Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when ________ for
―Yes, tomorrow afternoon. (广州中考题)
A. leaving B. leaves C. to leave D. are you leaving
【分析】答案选C。疑问词后接动词充分主语或宾语时，其中动词总是用不定式。如：Did they tell you when to start out? 他们告没告诉你什么时候出发？
【考例2】There are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop. We can’t decide ________. (辽宁锦州中考题)
A. what to buy B. to buy what C. which to buy D. to buy which
【分析】答案选C。首先应排除B和D，因为当疑问词与不定式搭配时，疑问词必须置于不定式之前；又因为前文中说there are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop（商店里有如此多种的MP5），由此可知是在特定范围中进行选择，故用which，不用what。
考点6 考查不定式省略to的用法
不定式省略to主要见于以下情况：
1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，不定式不能带to。如：
I will have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。
Please let me know what happens. 请告诉我发生的事。
They made me repeat the whole story. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。
但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的to。如：
She must be made to comply with the rules. 必须让她遵守规则。
2. 当不定式用于感觉动词（如see, hear, watch, notice, feel等）后作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。如：
I heard him say so. 我听到他这样说。
I saw the train come into the station. 我看到火车进站了。
I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。
但是，当它们用于被动语态时，则其后的不定式必须带to。如：
The woman was seen to enter a bank. 有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。
3. 当不定式用于动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带to（当然也可以带to）。如：
They helped us (to) move it. 他们帮我们搬动它。
I can help (to) cook and wash up. 我可以帮忙做饭和洗碗。
【考例1】The woman made his son ________ finally after she told him some jokes. (吉林通化中考题)
A. laughed B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughing
【分析】答案选C。当make用作使役动词时，若其后接不定式作宾语补足语，该不定式不能带to。又如：They made me repeat the whole story. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。
【考例2】The global financial crisis(金融危机) has made many people ________ their money. (江苏宿迁中考题)
A. to care for B. took care of C. be careful with D. to be cared about
【分析】答案选C。当make用作使役动词时，若其后接不定式作宾语补足语，该不定式不能带to。又如：They made me repeat the whole story. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。
考点7 考查不定式用作宾语补足语
能后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词很多，但中考英语中经常涉及的只有少数几个，即ask, tell, order, use, want, warn, wish等。如：
He asked me to get the car ready. 他叫我把车准备好。
The doctor told me to give up smoking. 医生叫我戒烟。
He ordered us to be quiet. 他命令我们安静。
People use a knife to cut things. 人们用刀切东西。
He warned me not to going out at night. 他警告我不要晚上出去。
My parents wanted me to have a good education. 我的父母想要我受到良好的教育。
注意，动词hope习惯上不用于以上类似表达，所以当表示汉语“希望某人做某事”时，不能用hope sb to do sth。如：
史密斯先生希望他所有的学生都能考及格。
误：Mr Smith hopes all of his students to pass the test. (ask.yygrammar.com)
正：Mr Smith hopes that all of his students can pass the test.
【考例1】My roommate often asks me ________ her to play chess. (山西中考题)
A. teach B. teaching C. to teach D. teaches
【分析】答案选C。考查ask sb to do sth（叫某人做某事）句式。又如：She asked him to wake her at 6 o’clock. 她请他在六点钟叫醒她。
【考例2】He’ll use what he has ________ her a new dress. (江苏无锡中考题)
A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. been bought
【分析】答案选B。考查use sth to do sth（使用某物做某事）句式。又如：I use knife to cut the apple. 我用刀子切苹果。
考点8 考查不定式作目的状语
当非谓语动词用作目的状语时，通常要用不定式，一般不用动名词或分词。如：
I stayed there to see what would happen. 我留在那里看看会发生什么事。
Eat to live, but do not live to eat. 要为了活着而吃饭，不要为了吃饭而活着。
当需要强调时，可在不定式前加上in order或so as。如：
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. 为了考入一个好的学校，我必须更加用功。
I’ll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it. 我要把他的电话号码写下来，以免忘记。
【考例1】More and more young people are trying to do something ________ the old. (河北中考题)
A. served B. to serve C. serve D. serves
【分析】答案选B。其中的不定式to serve the old用作目的状语。句意为：越来越多的人在试图为老年人做点什么。
【考例2】―________ more about tomorrow’s weather, call 121.
―OK, I will. Thank you. (扬州中考题)
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
【分析】答案选C。此处填不定式表目的。句意为：要想了解更多关于明天的天气情况，请拨121。
考点9 考查不定式在特殊搭配中的用法
英语中有不少特殊结构要与不定式搭配，下面略举几例：
1. 在too…to do sth（太……以至于不能）结构中，动词习惯上要用不定式。如：
He is too old to do any work.. 他太老了，不能做工作了。
We are too tired to go any farther. 我们太累了，不能再往前走了。
He is too wise not see that. 他是那样聪明，不会看不到这一点。
2. 在enough to do sth（足够地……可以做某事）结构中，动词习惯上要用不定式。如：
He is old enough to go to school. 他够上学年龄了。
He is old enough to take care of himself. 他大了，能照顾自己了。
Is the river deep enough to swim in? 在这条河里游泳水够深吗?
3. 当序数词或受序数词修饰的名词后接动词作定语时，该动词习惯上要用不定式。如：
She was the first to arrive. 她是第一个到达的。
H is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
Who was the first person to climb Everest? 第一个登上埃佛勒斯峰的人是谁?
如果不是序数词，而是形容词last, next等，情况也一样。如：
Miss Green was the next person to arrive. 格林小姐是下一个到的人。
【考例1】―Do you know Neil Armstrong? (www.yygrammar.com)
―Yes, He is the first man ________ on the moon. (江苏南京中考题)
A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked
【分析】答案选C。由于空格前的名词man受到序数词的修饰，所以空格处应填不定式。句意为：他是第一个在月球上行走的人。
【考例2】The woman was too excited ________ a word when shaking hands with Premier(总理) Wen. (湖南湘西中考题)
A. say B. to say C. saying
【分析】答案选B。考查too…to do sth（太……以至于不能做某事）句式。又如：It’s too late to do anything about it now. 现在进行任何补救都为时太晚。
考点10 考查现在分词在特殊搭配中的用法
英语中有不少特殊结构要与现在分词搭配，下面为同学们归纳几例：
1. 用于find sb doing sth，表示发现某人在做某事。如：
He found her crying in the corner. 他发现她在角落里哭。
He found the lost child hiding in the cave. 他发现这个丢失的小孩躲在山洞里。
2. 用于catch sb doing sth，表示逮住（撞见）某人在做某事。如
The teacher caught the boy smoking. 老师撞见这个男孩在抽烟。
The teacher caught him sleeping in class. 老师发现他在上课时睡觉。
3. 用于keep sb doing sth，表示使某人不停地做某事。如：
He kept the fire burning. 他让火燃着。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你等了。
4. 用于leave sb doing sth，表示让某人做某事或处于做某事的状态中。如：
His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信让我感到很难受。
They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself. 他们走开了，让我孤零零一个人坐在那儿。
5. 用于be busy doing sth，表示忙于做某事。如：
She was busy preparing lessons. 她忙于备课。 (www.yygrammar.com)
Farmers were busy getting in the crops. 农民在忙着收庄稼。
有时可在busy后加上介词in，此时的现在分词则变成动名词。如：
6. 用于spend sth doing sth，表示花时间或金钱做某事。如：
He spent quite a lot of time doing that. 他花了不少时间做那事。
Mary spent the whole evening watching TV, and so did Jane. 玛丽整晚都在看电视，珍也一样。
有时可在现在分词前加上介词in，此时的现在分词则变成动名词。如：
He spent quite a lot of time in doing that. 他花了不少时间做那事。
7. 用于have difficulty doing sth，表示做某事有困难。如：
She might have difficulty in getting a job. 她找工作可能有困难。
I have difficulty in working out this problem. 我做出这道题来有困难。
有时可在现在分词前加上介词in，此时的现在分词则变成动名词。如：
I have great difficulty in doing the work. 做这工作我觉得很吃力。
8. 用于end up doing sth，表示以做某事而告终。如：
He didn’t want to end up going home alone. 他不想最后一个人回家。
At first he refused to admit his fault but ended up apologizing. 最初他拒绝承认他的错误，到头来还是道了歉。
【考例1】Peter is busy ________ at school, but he never forgets ________ exercise every day. (四川成都中考题)
A. working, doing B. working, to do C. at work, doing
【分析】答案选B。第一空填现在分词，be busy doing sth（忙于做某事）为固定搭配。又如：She was busy writing letters. 她正忙着写信。第二空填不定式，forget to do sth的意思是“忘记去做某事”。
【考例2】When we practice speaking English, we often end up ________ in Chinese. (辽宁锦州中考题)
A. to speak B. speaking C. spoken D. speak
【分析】答案选B。end up doing sth的意思是“以做某事而告终”，其中的现在分词不能换成其他的动词形式。
考点11 考查特殊搭配中动词原形的使用
英语中有些特殊结构，后接总是接动词原形，这类结构最重要的（也是最常考的）是why not（为什么不……）、had better（最好）和would rather（宁愿）。如：
Why not give her some flowers? 为什么不送她些花呢?
It’s late; we’d better go home. 时间不早了，我们最好回家吧。
Would you rather work on a farm? 你宁愿在农场干活吗?
注意：had better和would rather构成否定式时，习惯上是将not置于整个结构之后（动词原形之前），而不是置于had, would之后。如：
We’d better not tell him. 我们最好还是不告诉他。
I’d rather not say anything. 我宁可什么也不说。
You had better not miss the last bus. 你最好不要误了最后一班公共汽车。
注意：would rather有时也 than 搭配使用，表示“宁愿……而不愿……”，此时than也接动词原形。如：
I would rather go than stay. 我宁愿走不愿留。
【考例1】―May I listen to the music here, Mr. White?
―Sorry, you’d better ________ it like that. (山东淄博中考题)
A. not to do B. not do C. don’t do D. not do to
【分析】答案选B。had better后接动词时要用原形，若所接动词为否定式，要把not置于动词原形之前，故选B。
【考例2】Xiao Li said she would rather ________ join us. (江苏无锡中考题)
A. did not B. to not C. not D. not to
【分析】答案选C。would rather（宁愿）后接动词时要用原形。又如：I would rather stay at home. 我宁可呆在家里。
考点12 考查动词have后的非谓语动词形式
动词have后可接多种非谓语动词形式，主要结构如下：
1. have sb do sth：其中的have为使役动词，表示叫（请、使）某人做某事。如：
I’ll have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。
He had his son clean the car. 他叫他的儿子擦车。
2. have sb (sth) doing sth：表示使（让）某人（某事物）一直做在做某事。如：
He had the light burning all night. 他让灯亮了一整夜。
Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping. 没出几分钟他就让全体听众笑起来，鼓起掌来。
3. have sth done：表示请别人做某事。如：
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
Why don’t you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发?
有时表示经历或遭遇某情况。如：
He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。
I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。
4. have sth to do：表示有某事要做，其中的不定式作定语。如：
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。
She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。
【考例】―Mum, can I have something ________?
―Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is ________ in the kitchen. (江苏宿迁中考题)
A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else
C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else
【分析】答案选A。第一空要填不定式，have something to do为英语中的固定句式，其意为有事要做。又如：I have things to do. 我有事情要做。第二空要填nothing else（没有其他的东西），因为前文说了can only drink some water（只能喝点水）。
三、易错陷阱
陷阱1 在what one can 后误接动词原形
大家知道，在情态动词后要用动词原形，不能用不定式，也不能用动名词或分词等。如：
He can both speak and write Japanese. 他既能说日语也能写日语。
You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。
We should take good care of the children. 我们应该好好照看这些孩子。
但是，请看下面的句子，can或could后的to可以省略吗？
We’ll do what we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。
I did what I could to persuade him. 我尽了最大的努力去劝说他。
上面两句中的to虽然位于can和could之后，但都不能没有，因为其中的不定式为目的状语，而不是与情态动词一起构成谓语。这类句子可以理解在can或could的后面省略了动词do。顺便说一句，这类句子中的what有时也可换成everything。如：
I shall do everything I can to help you. 我将尽量帮助你。
陷阱2 混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词
请看下面一题：
“________ exercise every day, my child. It’s good for your health,” Father said. (四川资阳中考题)
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Takes
【分析】此题从所给的四个选来看，好像是在考查非谓语动词的用法。但是，事实上，此题的填空句是一个祈使句，考查的是祈使句的谓语动词，即用动词原形，故选C。
陷阱3 混淆后接不定式或动名词的动词
根据英语的语法规则，当某动词后接另一个动词作宾语时，有时只能用不定式，有时只能用动名词，同学们在复习时必须熟记，不可混淆。如：
他说完话后是一片沉默。
误：There was a deadly silence after she had finished to speak.
正：There was a deadly silence after she had finished speaking.
请把窗子打开好吗?
误：Do you mind to open the window?
正：Do you mind opening the window?
陷阱4 混淆后接不定式和动名词时的用法区别
有的动词后接另一动词时，既可用不定式形式，也可用动名词形式，但意思有区别，如stop to do sth意为“停下来去做某事”，stop doing sth意为“停止做某事（即不做某事）”。如：
The bus stopped to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来接客。
The bus stopped picking up passengers. 公共汽车停止接客。
【针对训练】
选择最佳答案填空：
1. Why not ________ your teacher for help when you can’t finish ________ it by yourself?
A. ask, write B. to ask, writing C. ask, writing D. asking, write
2. ―Why did you buy a radio?
―________ English.
A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Be learning
3. The fruit salad tastes delicious. Could you tell me ________?
A. where to do it B. when to do it C. what to do D. how to do it
4. We must do everything we can ________ waste water from running into rivers.
A. keep B. kept C. to keep D. keeping
5. The house is too small for his family ________.
A. to live in B. living in C. live in D. lives in
6. The teacher asked Ben ________ a difficult question in class.
A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered
7. The doctor did what he could ________ the dying man.
A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving
8. ―Have you made up your mind ________ the sick kids?
―By singing songs. (www.yygrammar.com)
A. what to tell B. how to cheer up C. when to help D. where to look after
9. ―Would you mind ________ your bike?
―No, not at all. I’ll put it under the tree right away.
A. move B. to move C. moves D. moving
10. Tomorrow’s meeting is very important. Please ask them ________ there on time.
A. go B. going C. to go D. went
11. The boy promised ________ late for school again.
A. to not be B. not to be C. not being D. being not
12. ― What about ________ hiking this Sunday?
― Great. I’d like ________ with you.
A. to go; going B. going; going C. going; to go D. to go, to go
13. We’re in class. You’d better not ________.
A. talk B. talking C. talked D. to talk
14. ―Would you like to play table tennis with me?
―I don’t feel like it. I would rather ________ at home and watch TV.
A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed
15. Do you enjoy ________ English in our class, Mr. Green?
A. teach B. taught C. to teach D. teaching
16. ―My spoken English is poor. What shall I do?
―That’s easy. Practise ________ it as much as possible.
A. speak B. spoke C. speaking D. speaks
17. Who was the first one ________?
A. to reach B. to arrive C. to get to D. to arrive at
18. My parents always stop me ________ with my friends on line.
A. to talk B. talking C. to speak D. speaking
19. The new term is coming. The students are busy ________ the classrooms.
A. clean B. cleans C. to clean D. cleaning
20. Let’s stop ________ eye exercises. It’s good for our eyes.
A. doing B. to do C. to D. making
21. The young man was often seen ________ by the lake.
A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew
22. She read the instructions to find out how ________ the computer.
A. use B. to use C. using D. uses
23. The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide ________.
A. what to eat B. how to eat C. where to eat D. when to eat
24. The room is too small for us ________.
A. to live in B. living C. live in D. to living in
25. ―What do you think of the new-comer?
―He is easy ________. (www.yygrammar.com)
A. to get along with B. to get along
C. getting along D. getting along with
【答案点拨吧】
1. 答案选C。第一空填ask，因为why not后要接动词原形，据此可排除B和D；第二空应填writing，因为finish后接动词要用动名词，故C不选A。
2. 答案选C。此处选不定式表目的，全句可补充为：I bought a radio to learn English. 我买一部收音机是为了学英语。
3. 答案选D。表示方式或方法用how。又如：My father taught me how to ride a bike. 我父亲教会了我骑自行车。
4. 答案选C。此题很容易误选A，认为是用于情态动词之后，要用动词原形。但事实上，句中的不定式是用作目的状语，句意为：我们必须要想尽一切办法来使废水不流入河里。
5. 答案选A。此题考查too…to do sth句式，只不过不定式前带上了for sb这样的逻辑主语。又如：It’s too expensive for me to buy. 太贵了，我买不起。
6. 答案选C。考查ask sb to do sth（叫某人做某事）句式。又如：He asked us to wait for him at the gate. 他叫我们在门口等他。
7. 答案选B。此题很容易误选A，认为是用于情态动词之后，要用动词原形。但事实上，句中的不定式是用作目的状语，句意为：为了挽救这个快要死的人，医生竭尽了全力。
8. 答案选B。根据答语中的by singing songs（通过唱歌的方式）可知答案为B，因为其中的疑问how表示方式。
9. 答案选D。动词mind后动词时作宾语时，要用动名词，mind doing sth的意思是“介意做某事”。又如：I don’t mind being poor. 我对贫困不在乎。We don’t mind waiting. 我们不介意等候。
10. 答案选C。考查ask sb to do sth句式，其意为叫某人做某事。如：He asked me to answer the telephone. 他叫我接电话。
11. 答案选B。promise后接动词作宾语时，要用不定式，不用动名词，故可排除C和D；又因为不定式的否定式要将否定词not置于不定式符号to之前，故可排除A。
12. 答案选C。what about后接动词时只能用动名词，因为about是介词，故可排除A和D；而would like后接动词时只能接不定式，不能接动名词，故可排除B。
13. 答案选A。had better（最好）后接动词时，习惯上要用动词原形。又如：You’d better change that shirt for a large one. 你最好把那件衬衣去换件大号的。
14. 答案选A。would rather（宁愿）后接动词时习惯上要用动词原形。又如：We would rather not meet him. 我们宁愿不和他相见。
15. 答案选D。enjoy（喜欢，喜爱）后接动词作宾语时，只能用动名词，不能用不定式。又如：She enjoys helping her parents with the housework. 她喜 欢帮她母亲做家务。
16. 答案选C。practise（练习）后接动词作宾语时，只能用动名词，不能用不定式。又如：The boy practised playing the piano every day. 这男孩每天练习弹钢琴。 (www.yygrammar.com)
17. 答案选B。不定式作定语修饰one，the first [last] one to do sth 意为“第一个(最后一个)做某事的人”。四选项都含有“到达”之意，但从所给的句意我们可知其后并没有带宾语，所以只能用不及物动词arrive。故答案选B。
18. 答案选B。在stop sb (from) doing sth结构中，from常可省略，意为“阻止某人做某事”。与某人聊天可用talk with来表示，故答案选B。
19. be busy doing sth为英语中的固定搭配，意为“忙于做某事”，答案选D。
20. 答案选B。stop doing sth与stop to do sth有区别，前者意为“停止做某事”，后者意为“停下某事做另一事”。句意为：我们停下来做眼保健操，这对我们的眼睛有好处。由句意可知用不定式结构，答案选B。
21. 答案选A。在see sb do sth结构中，不定式作宾补常不带to，但当该结构变为被动语态时，不定式则要加上to。
22. 答案选B。“疑问词+不定式”常做动词find out, decide, know等的宾语。又如：I don’t know how to express myself. 我不知道该怎样表达我的意思。
23. 答案选A。根据句子The menu has so many good things(这菜单上有这么多好吃的菜)可推出后句应是“我不知道该吃什么”，故应用what to eat。
24. 答案选A。考查too…to do sth句式，注意不定式短语to live in的逻辑宾语就是句子的主语the room，所以介词in不能省略。
25. 答案选A。不定式短语to get along with的逻辑宾语就是句子的主语he，所以介词with不能省略。