中考英语主谓一致考点10大类

 

一、根据主语的单复数和可数性考查主谓一致

如果用作主语的名词或代词是单数,则谓语动词也应用单数;如果用作主语的名词或代词是复数,则谓语动词也应用复数。如果用作主语的名词或代词是不可数名词,则谓语动词也要用单数。

【例1The reading room _______ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. (北京中考题)

A. am                    B. is                        C. are                     D. be

解析:句子主语为第三人称的单数形式,故答案选B

【例2―Physics ________ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?

― Yes, I think so.(四川德阳中考题)

A. is                       B. are                     C. has                    D. have

解析:句子主语physics虽然以s结尾,但它是不可数名词,仍表示单数意义,故可排除复数谓语BD;又因为空格后的more difficult为形容词,故其前应用系动词be,而不是has,故答案选A

二、考查主语+介词短语用作主语时的主谓一致

根据英语语法,介词短语原则上不用作主语,所以当主语+介词短语处于主语位置时,其后的谓语动词只与其中的主语有关,而与其中的介词短语无关。如a teacher with his students作主语,谓语动词只与a teacher保持一致,而与his students无关。

【例1Judy with her brother ________ computer games when her mother came back. (贵州黔西南中考题)

A. were playing   B. are playing       C. was playing     D. is playing

解析:因真正的主语是Judy,为单数,故可排除复数谓语AB;再根据when引导的时间状语从句的时态可知,此句是在谈论过去的情况,故答案选C

【例2Look, a woman with two children ________ along the street at the moment. (广西南宁中考题)

A. is walking                                   B. are walking       C. walk          D. walks

解析:因真正的主语是a woman(为单数),与其后的介词短语with two children无关,故可排除复数谓语BC;再根据句中的lookat the moment可知,句子应用现在进行时,即答案选A

三、考查整体中的部分作主语时的主谓一致

当一个短语是表示整体中的部分时,若用作主语,其后的谓语只与其中的部分保持一致,而与其中的整体无关,如one of the boys作主语,谓语动词与one有关,而与the boys无关。

【例1One of my friends ________ moved to America. I miss her so much. (浙江衢州中考题)

A. has                   B. have                  C. is                        D. are

解析:处于主语位置的one of my friends属于表示整体中的部分类短语,其后谓语动词只与表示部分one保持一致,而与表示整体my friends无关,故可排除复数形式的BD;再根据句意,应该是指已经去了美国,而不是被移到了美国,故用现在完成时,即答案选A

【例2Each of the club members ________ ready to help those who were in trouble. (江苏南通中考题)

A. is                       B. are                     C. was                   D. were

解析:处于主语位置的each of the club members属于表示整体中的部分类短语,其后谓语动词只与表示部分each保持一致,而与表示整体the club members无关,故可排除复数形式的BD;再根据其后定语从句的时态可知,句子谈论的是过去情况,即答案选C

 


四、考查倒装句中的主谓一致

对于倒装句来说,位于句首主语位置的成分并非是句子的主语,此时需根据句子意思和句式特点找出句子真正的主语,从而确定句子谓语动词的形式。

【例题】Between the two hills ________ a deep river. (山东烟台中考题)

A. are                    B. have                  C. has                    D. is

解析:根据英语语法,介词短语不用作句子主语,所以当介词短语位于主语位置时,应考虑其是否是倒装句。本题即属倒装句,真正的主语是a deep river,故答案选D

五、考查并列成分作主语时的主谓一致

对于并列成分作主语时的主语一致问题,同学们主要应注意以下两类结构:

1. andboth…and…连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常要用复数。

2. either…or…neither…nor…not only…but also…连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常要与其最靠近的那个主语保持一致。

【例1― Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ________ fond of the TV program “A Bite of China”.

― I am also deeply moved by its stories! (广东广州中考题)

A. is                       B. am                     C. was                   D. are

解析:both…and…连接两个成分作主语时,谓语动词要用复数,故可排除ABC;再根据答句中的时态可知,空格处的动词也应用一般现在时,即选D

【例2This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I ________ good at drawing.(黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考题)

A. is                       B. am                     C. are                     D. were

解析:当not only…but also…连接两个成分作主语时,其后谓语动词要与其最靠近的那个主语保持一致,故答案选B

【例3Neither my father nor my mother ________ rock music. They think that it’s too ________. (贵州铜仁中考题)

A. like; noise        B. likes; noise       C. like; noisy         D. likes; noisy

解析:当neither…nor…连接两个成分作主语时,其后谓语动词要与其最靠近的那个主语保持一致,故可确定第一空应填likes,即可排除AC;再根据第二空前的too(太)可知,第二空应填形容词,而不能填名词,故答案只能选D

六、考查a (the) number of作主语时的主谓一致

a number of…的意思是许多,若用作主语,其后的谓语动词要用复数;the number of…的意思是“……的数量,若用作主语,其后的谓语动词要用单数。

【例1In our hospital, the number of women doctors ________ larger and larger. (青海西宁中考题)

A. is                       B. are                     C. be                      D. been

解析:the number of 意为“……的数量,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,故选A

【例2The number of teachers in our school ________ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school ________ from the countryside. (广东河源中考题)

A. was; is              B. was; are            C. were; are          D. were; is

解析:the number of…作主语时,其后的谓语动词要用单数,故第一空填wasa number of…用作主语时,其后的谓语动词要用复数,故第二空填are,即答案为B

 

七、考查there be句式中的主谓一致

there be句式中,动词be不仅有时态上的变化,而且有单复数的变化:确定其时态的方法是看句子意思和句中的时态状语或其他相关时态;确定其单复数的方法是看与动词be最靠近的名词是单数还是复数。

【例1Look, there ________ many students on the playground at the moment. (浙江衢州中考题)

A. is                       B. are                     C. was                   D. were

解析:there be句式中的be与其后的所接名词(其实是用作主语)保持一致,故可排除AC;再根据句中的lookat the moment可知,句子应用一般现在时,即答案选B

【例2―Why are you late, Jim?

―Because there ________ a lot of traffic when I came here. (江苏泰州中考题)

A. is                                         B. are          C. was               D. were

解析:因traffic(交通)为不可数名词,故此处的there be句式中的be用单数is;再根据when I came here中的一般过去时可知,句子说的是过去的情况,故选C

八、考查一段时间或一笔钱作主语时的主谓一致

当一段时间(如ten years)和一笔钱(如100 dollars)用作主语时,若是将其视为一个整体看待,其后的谓语动词应用单数。

【例1― How soon can you finish this job?

― Two days ________ enough for me to finish the work. I need a week. (四川自贡中考题)

A. isn’t                  B. aren’t                C. is                        D. are

解析:虽然句子主语two days为复数形式,但从句意来看,它在此是被作为一个整体看待的,故谓语动词应用单数,即可排除BD;再根据句中的I need a week(我需要一周)可知,两天肯定是不够,故答案选A

【例2―How much is the pair of shoes?

―Twenty dollars ________ enough.(四川广安中考题)

A. is                       B. are                     C. am                     D. have

解析:根据句意,twenty dollars在此被看成一个整体,表示单数概念,故用is,即答案为A

 

九、考查非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致

当非谓语动词用作句子主语时,谓语动词原则上要用单数。同学们做题时要注意,非谓语动词若带有自己的宾语,且其宾语为复数形式,此时不要受此影响而误用复数谓语。

【例1Climbing hills _______ of great help to our health. (湖北十堰中考题)

A. was                   B. were                  C. is                        D. are

解析:句子主语climbing hills为动名词,故谓语动词要用单数形式,即答案为C。注意不要受climbing的宾语hills的影响而误用复数谓语。

十、综合主谓一致和其他语法知识

【例1―Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

―Sure. Many trees ________ every year. (四川广安中考题)

A. plant                 B. is planted         C. are planted      D. have planted

解析:由于treesplant之间为被动关系,故句子应用被动语态,可排除AD;又因为many trees为复数,故选C

【例2―I can’t find Ted for three days. Where is he?

―He ________ Beijing for a meeting. (广西玉林中考题)

A. has been to     B. has gone to     C. have been to   D. have gone to

解析:由于说话者说三天没找到特德,这说明特德离开去其他地方了,故应用have gone to而不是用have been to,可排除AC;又因为主语是单数,故选B不选D