英语语法常见错误100例(2)

 

11. 这两本杂志你可以随便拿一本。

误:You may take any of the two magazines.

正:You may take either of the two magazines.

析:any 只用于指三个或三个以上的任何一个,要表示两者当中的任意一个,应用 either

12. 我曾经见过大象。

误:I ever saw an elephant.

正:I once saw an elephant.

析:汉语中说曾经,完全可以用于肯定句,但在英语中,ever 却通常不用于肯定句表示曾经这样的意思,遇此情况可考虑用once等。注:ever有时可用在肯定的定语从句中表示曾经。如:This is the best story that I (have) ever heard. 这是我曾经听过的最好的故事。

13. 我当时很累了,几乎连眼睛都睁不开。

I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes opening.

I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.

:此句要注意 open 的两个不同用法:(1)open 用作动词,表示”“睁开,是非延续性动词,所以不说 keep one’s eyes opening,否则指的是睁开这个动作在不断地发生;(2)open 除用作动词外,还可用作形容词,意为开着的,所以可说 keep one’s eyes open,此处表示开着的状态。

14. 你昨晚玩得愉快吗?

误:Had you a good time last night?

正:Did you have a good time last night?

析:have表示拥有、患病、必须等方面的意思时,则可将其前提前构成疑问句,或直接在其后加 not 构成否定式(当然也可借助 do 的适当形式),但是若 have 表示除上述用法以外的意思,则只能借助助动词 do 的适当形式来构成否定句或疑问句。

15. 这次考试很难,没几个学生及格。

误:The exam is very difficult, and a few students passed.

正:The exam is very difficult, and few students passed.

析:few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调,含有否定意味;而 a few 表示数量虽不多,但毕竟还有,强调,含有肯定意味。比较:The exam is very difficult, but a few students passed. 这次考试很难,但还是有几个学生及格。

16. 中国人是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。

误:The Chinese is a brave and hard-working people.

正:The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.

析:the Chinese 泛指全体中国人,即中华民族,具有复数意义,用作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。注意,不要认为表语是单数,谓语动词就用单数,因为谓语是与主语的数保持一致,而不是与表语的数保持一致。

17. 你至少要换两次车。

You'd have to change bus at least twice.

You'd have to change buses at least twice.

change buses(转车)中的 buses 总是用复数,因为既要下一辆车,又要上另一辆车。比较:change trains(转车)change seats(交换座位)等。

18. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。

He had a pleasant smile on his face.

He had a pleased smile on his face.

a pleasant smile=令人满意的微笑或讨人喜欢的微笑,即人们见到这样的微笑会感到很舒服,比如商店服务员通常会面带 a pleasant smile;而 a pleased smile=满意的微笑,即指人们因为自己感到满意而笑。注:上面误句的实际意思是:她脸上露出了悦人的微笑。

19. 这件连衣裙不合我的身,你有大一点尺寸的吗?

误:This dress doesn’t suit me. Have you got a larger size?

正:This dress doesn’t fit me. Have you got a larger size?

析:fit 用作动词时,表示适合,通常是指大小尺寸等方面的适合,表示颜色、款式等方面的适合,英语通常是用 suit。比较:This dress doesn’t suit me. Have you got another style? 这件连衣裙不适合我穿,你还有其他的式样吗?

20. 这当中只一个是我的,其余的是她的。

Only one of them is mine; others are hers.

Only one of them is mine; the others are hers.

others the others 都指其余的人或物(表复数)”,但前者(没有冠词)表泛指,后者(有冠词)表特指。