英语语法常见错误100例(4)

 

41. 我相信他们会借钱给我们的。

I believe them to lend us the money.

I believe that they will lend us the money.

believe 后接不定式的复合结构时,该不定式通常是 to be,一般不能是 to do。如:I believe him to be honest. 我相信他是诚实的。

42. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。

误:They each have an English-Chinese dictionary.

正:They each have an English-Chinese dictionary.

析:从语法上分析,句子的主语不是each,而是they,故其后的谓语要用复数。(注:each 在此用作主语的同位语)

43. 他的父母都不喜欢他的女朋友。

None of his parents likes his girlfriend.

Neither of his parents likes his girlfriend.

:因父母双亲只有两个,所以连用某些不定代词时要注意:可与 both, either, neither 等连用,但不能与 all, any, none等连用。

44. 他希望他的儿子能上大学。

误:He hopes his son to go to college.

正:He hopes that his son can go to college.

析:hope(希望)后通常不接不定式的复合结构。要表示类似意思,通常后接 that从句。但是,若将 hope 改为 wish 则可以。如:He wishes his son to go to college.

45. 玻璃摸起来是光滑的。

误:Glass is felt smooth.

误:Glass is feeling smooth.

误:Glass feels to be smooth.

正:Glass feels smooth.

析:feel用作连系动词,表示摸起来,要注意以下用法:一是要以被摸之物作主语;二是句意虽有被动意味,但是不能用被动式;三是不用于进行时态;四是其后不接 to be。注:feel用作连系动词,表示感觉时,可以用于进行进态,如:How are you feeling now? 你现在感觉如何?

46. 这些书中的每一本我都喜欢。

误:I like everyone of these books.

正:I like every one of these books.

析:everyone every one 的区别是:前者(合写)只能指人,不能指物,且其后通常不后接 of 短语;后者(分开写)可以指人也可以指物,其后可以接 of 短语。

47. 你必须好好照看这些小植物。

误:You must take a good care of these little plants.

误:You must take good cares of these little plants.

正:You must take good care of these little plants.

析:care 用作名词表示注意”“小心”“关心等义时,是不可数名词,既不能用复数形式,也不能在其前使用不定冠词。

48. 躺在床上看书是个坏习惯。

It is a bad habit to read on bed.

It is a bad habit to read in bed.

It is a bad habit to read on a [the] bed.(www.yygrammar.com)

:表示在床上,用介词 on in 均可,但用 on bed 前应有冠词,用 in bed 前没有冠词。 但是若是指某一张具体的床,则也可能用两者,如:in [on] that bed (在那张床上)in [on] the same bed(在同一张床上)等。另外,有时要暗示人身上盖有东西,也可能用 in the bed

49. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。

误:He couldn’t help to cry when he heard the news.

正:He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news.

析:help 表示帮助时,可用于 help sb (to) do sth但是若表示控制,则其后不能接不定式,要接动名词(尤其用于 can’t help doing sth)。比较:The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你消除感冒。此句中的 help 表示帮助,所以 can’t help 后接的是不定式。

50. 过去只要我有空,我就去看电影。

误:I used to go to the cinema whenever I had free.

正:I used to go to the cinema whenever I was free.

正:I used to go to the cinema whenever I had free time.

析:注意 free(空闲的)是形容词,不是名词,不能用作动词have的宾语。要表示汉语的有空,可考虑使用be freehave free time等。