一段视频为何走红网络？
What makes a video go viral?
Hello. I'm Neil. Welcome to 6 Minute English, where we like to share…
大家好，我是尼尔。欢迎收听六分钟英语，在节目中我们分享……
Jokes, funny stories and cat videos…
笑话，有趣的故事和猫咪视频。
No, Rob – we like to share six useful items of vocabulary.
不是这样的，尼尔。我们分享六个有用的单词。
Yes, that too. But first, check out this meme on my phone, Neil – Grumpy Cat – it's so cute!
没错，也会分享这个。不过，尼尔，先看看我手机上的这个图片，暴躁猫，太可爱了！
Shall I send it to you?
我发给你吧？
No, please don't!
不用了。
A meme is a picture or video with an amusing caption that a lot of people share with each other online.
meme是指很多人在网上向他人分享的配有搞笑文字的图片或视频。
Well, in this programme we're talking about why some online content goes viral…
在今天的节目中，我们要讨论为什么一些网络内容会走红？
… and some doesn't.
而一些内容并不会。
This cat is cute because it looks so grumpy – and that means bad tempered.
这只猫很可爱，因为它看起来很暴躁，也就是说脾气不好。
An image, video, or other piece of information goes viral when it gets passed on very quickly from person to person on the internet.
一张图片，一段视频或其他的信息走红，在网络上迅速在人群之中传播。
So first let's start with our quiz question, Neil.
首先从今天的问题开始，尼尔。
Can you tell me which was one of the first videos to go viral on the internet?
你能告诉我哪一个视频最先在网络上走红吗？
Was it…a) Charlie bit my finger, b) Sneezing Panda or c) Dancing Baby?
a) 查理咬我手指， b) 喷嚏熊猫，还是 c) 跳舞婴儿？
I'm going to guess Sneezing Panda – because I haven't seen any of those videos.
我猜是喷嚏熊猫，因为这些视频我都没看过。
That's ridiculous Neil. Have you been living under a rock?
这太荒谬了，尼尔。你是生活在岩洞中吗？
Look, I just don't find silly videos particularly cute – or funny.
听着，我只是觉得这些愚蠢的视频一点都不可爱或有趣。
OK, OK, no need to get grumpy about it. Let's move on.
好吧好吧，没必要因为这个生气。我们接着说。
Why do so many people – Neil excluded – enjoy sharing content online?
为什么很多人，除了尼尔，喜欢在网上分享内容呢？
Let's listen to Dr Jonah Berger, Marketing Professor at the University of Pennsylvania and author of Contagious: Why things catch on,
我们听听宾夕法尼亚大学市场营销学教授以及《疯狂行销》一书的作者约拿·伯杰，
talking about what motivates us to share.
讲述是什么鼓励我们去分享。
Humans are social animals.
人类是社会动物。
Sharing allows us (to) feel connected to others.
分享让我们感到和其他人有所联系。
We share emotions, which allow us to deepen the bonds we have with our peers and with our friends.
我们分享情感，让我们和同伴以及朋友巩固感情的纽带。
So it's all about being connected and deepening the bonds between ourselves and our peers.
所以这和我们维系与他人的联系，巩固感情纽带有关。
Our peers are people the same age as ourselves who share the same social position in a group.
我们的同伴是指和我们年龄相仿，在群体中的社会地位相同的人。
And we particularly like to share content that makes us feel emotional.
我们乐于分享让我们感到感性的内容。
Let's hear more from Dr Jonah Berger about this.
我们再听听约拿教授的进一步解释。
High arousal emotions include things like anger and anxiety, but also excitement and humour,
高度情绪唤起包括愤怒和焦虑，也包括兴奋和幽默。
low arousal – sadness and contentment.
低度情绪唤起有悲伤和满意。
[It] turns out that those high-arousal emotions – those emotions that fire us up and cause us to take action – also drive us to share.
事实证明，那些高度情绪唤起煽动我们，让我们采取行动，驱使我们分享内容。
Arousal means to excite a particular feeling in somebody.
arousal是指内心觉醒的一种特殊的感觉。
And emotions like anger and anxiety tend to cause stronger feelings than sadness and contentment.
像愤怒、焦虑等情绪比悲伤和满足更能造成强烈的情感。
Right – high-arousal emotions fire us up – and to fire someone up means to make someone excited and enthusiastic about something.
没错，高度情绪唤起会煽动我们，煽动某人是指让某人对某事感到兴奋，热情满满。
So when a video we see on the internet makes us laugh – or makes us excited or angry – then we are more likely to share it with others.
当我们在网上看到的一段视频让我们大笑，或者感到兴奋或愤怒，我们会更想将其分享给他人。
And sharing that emotion with others strengthens the connection or bond between us.
和他人分享这种情绪会加深我们之间的联系和纽带。
That's what Dr Berger's theory says anyway.
这就是约拿教授所谈到的。
I'm surprised that sad things aren't passed on as much as, say, funny things.
我很惊讶悲伤的事情并不像有趣的事传播的那么广。
Well, how often do you share sad videos with your peers?
你多久跟同伴分享一次悲伤的视频？
Good point. I do tend to share content that makes me laugh – more than sad or angry stuff anyway.
说的没错。我倾向于分享让我开心的内容，而不是悲伤或愤怒的东西。
Like the Grumpy Cat meme.
就像暴躁猫的图片。
Can I show it to you now?
现在我能让你看看嘛？
No.
不要。
OK. I'll just show you the caption.
好吧，我只让你看看配字。
It says, I purred once. It was terrible.
上面说“我肚子咕咕叫了。太糟糕了。”
Yeah. Right. Hilarious, Rob.
好吧，真有意思，罗伯。
Now, can we have the answer to today's quiz question, please, if you've finished amusing yourself?
你自娱自乐之后，能不能公布一下今天问题的答案？
OK. OK. Which was one of the first videos to go viral on the internet?
好吧好吧。哪一段视频最先在网络上走红？
Was it… a) Charlie Bit my Finger, b) Sneezing Panda or c) Dancing Baby?
a) 查理咬我手指， b) 喷嚏熊猫，还是 c) 跳舞婴儿？
And I said Sneezing Panda.
我选的是喷嚏熊猫。
Well, it was actually Dancing Baby.
正确答案是跳舞婴儿。
This 3-dimensional animation of a baby dancing the cha-cha was one of the first viral videos released in the late 1990s.
一个关于婴儿跳恰恰的三维动画在20世纪90年代末发布，成为首批走红的视频之一。
Another popular one was the Hamster Dance by Hampton the Hamster, which appeared in 1997.
另一个备受欢迎的视频是汉普顿汉普斯特的仓鼠舞蹈，出现于1997年。
Well, fascinating as all that sounds, shall we look back at the words we learned today, Rob?
这些听起来都很不错，我们看看今天的单词吧？
Sure. The first item was meme – a picture or video with an amusing caption that a lot of people share with each other online.
好的。第一个单词是meme，是指人们在网上互相分享的配有有趣文字的图片和视频。
For example, I tried to show Neil a hilarious meme about a grumpy cat.
例如，我试着想尼尔展示暴躁猫的有趣图片。
The word meme was actually invented by evolutionary biologist Professor Richard Dawkins
meme这个词实际上由进化论生物学家理查德·道金斯发明，
to represent an idea or concept that spreads in human culture in a similar way to a gene.
来展现和基因一样以类似方式在人类文化中传播的观点和观念。
Fascinating. That sounds way too complicated, Neil.
很有意思。这听起来太复杂了，尼尔。
Let's move on to item number two – grumpy – I gave one example just now.
我们接下来看第二个单词，grumpy（暴躁的），我刚刚已经说了一个例子。
But here's another one: He's the grumpiest man I've ever met.
但还有另一个例句。他是我见过的最暴躁的人。
I hope you're not talking about me, Rob.
希望你说的不是我，罗伯。
Number three – to go viral – means an image, video, or other piece of information that gets passed on very quickly from person to person on the Internet.
第三个单词，走红，是指一张图片，一段视频或其他信息在网络上迅速在人群中传播。
For example, What makes a video go viral?
例如，是什么让一段视频走红呢？
I don't know, Neil – If I knew how to make a viral video, I'd be a rich man by now!
我不知道，尼尔。如果我知道如何制作一段走红的视频，我现在就是个有钱人了！
Before computers and the internet we only talked about viral infections, didn't we?
在电脑和网络之前，我们也谈论过病毒性感染，是不是？
I've got a nasty viral infection so I'm not coming into work today.
我病毒性感染了，所以今天不能去上班。
Yeah, that's right.
没错。
The connection is that both viral infections and viral memes spread quickly!
二者的联系是，病毒性感染和走红的图片传播地都非常快。
OK – number four. Peers are people the same age as our selves who share the same social position in a group.
我们看第四个单词。Peers是指和我们相同年龄在群体中处于相同社会地位的人。
For example, Teenagers often worry about looking silly in front of their peers.
例如，青少年总是担心在同伴面前犯傻。
Next up – arousal – that means to excite a particular feeling in somebody.
下一个，arousal（觉醒）是指内心一种特殊的感情被唤起。
We heard about high and low-arousal emotions.
我们提及高度情绪唤起和低度情绪唤起。
The verb is to arouse.
动词形式是arouse。
For example, The debate aroused strong feelings on both sides.
例如，这场辩论激起双方强烈的情绪。
OK, finally – to fire someone up means to make someone excited and enthusiastic about something.
最后，煽动某人是指让某人对某事感到兴奋，热情满满。
I'm really fired up about today's vocabulary!
今天的单词让我感到兴奋。
Good to know, Rob.
很开心知道这一点，罗伯。
But it's time to go now, but please check out our Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and YouTube pages.
节目时间到了，请关注我们的Instagram， Twitter, Facebook 和 YouTube主页。
Bye-bye!
再见！