津巴布韦的奶奶们为人们提供治疗
Grandma therapy in Zimbabwe
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
大家好。这里是BBC教学英语的《六分钟英语》节目。我是尼尔。
And I'm Sam.
我是萨姆。
Sam, have you ever heard the expression 'a problem shared is a problem halved'?
萨姆，你听过“倾诉问题，问题就会减半”这句话吗？
Yes, Neil, I have.
是的，尼尔，我听过。
Doesn't it mean that people often feel better after talking about their problems with someone?
那不是指人们在和别人谈论自己的问题后会感觉好些吗？
Right - in this programme we'll be hearing the extraordinary story of
是的，在本期节目中，我们将听到一个非同寻常的故事，
how these ideas were taken up by a team of community grandmothers in Zimbabwe.
那是关于这些想法是如何得到津巴布韦社区里的奶奶团的采纳。
Zimbabwe has over 14 million people but fewer than 20 psychiatrists.
津巴布韦有超过1400万的人口，但精神病医生却不足20人。
After years of economic turmoil, unemployment and HIV, mental health is a huge challenge,
在经历了多年的经济动荡、失业和艾滋病之后，心理健康成了一个巨大的挑战。
and doctors estimate that one in four Zimbabweans suffers from depression or anxiety.
医生估计，四分之一的津巴布韦人患有抑郁症或焦虑症。
When it proved impossible to find free space to use in hospitals,
当发现在医院找不到可用区域时，
psychiatrist Dr Dixon Chibanda, came up with the idea of turning public park benches into spaces for therapy.
精神病医生狄克逊·契班达想出了把公园长椅变为治疗区的主意。
He recruited grandmothers, who have both free time and plenty of life experience,
他招募了既有空闲时间又有丰富生活经验的奶奶们，
to talk with individuals struggling with mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and trauma.
与那些饱受抑郁症、焦虑症和创伤等心理健康问题折磨的人进行交谈。
The grandmothers are drawn from the local community and trained over several weeks in a talking therapy called CBT.
这些奶奶们来自当地社区，她们接受了为期数周的谈话疗法训练，这种疗法叫做CBT。
But what does that abbreviation, CBT, stand for?
但是CBT这个缩写是什么意思呢？
That's my quiz question.
那就是我的测验问题。
Is it: a) Chatting Based Therapy, b) Conversation Brain Therapy? or, c) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?
它是：a)以聊天为基础的疗法，b)大脑对话疗法，还是c)认知行为疗法？
Well, I think I'll say c) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
好吧，我觉得我会选c)认知行为疗法。
OK, Sam, we'll find out later.
好的，萨姆，我们稍后将揭晓答案。
Now, although the recent history of Zimbabwe has left millions struggling with mental health issues,
尽管津巴布韦最近的历史让数百万人饱受心理健康问题的折磨，
at the start of his project, Dr Dixon Chibanda was the only psychiatrist working in public health in the whole country.
但在其计划开始时，狄克逊·契班达是全国唯一一位从事公共卫生领域工作的精神病医生。
And as well as a lack of provision, many villagers were suspicious of talking therapy,
而且除了招募到的奶奶们不够多之外，许多村民对谈话疗法持怀疑态度，
preferring to rely on traditional faith healers instead.
相反他们更愿意信赖传统的信仰疗疾师。
Which is why when Kim Chakanetsa, of BBC World Service's The Documentary Podcast, spoke to Dr Dixon Chibanda,
这就是为什么当BBC全球服务节目The Documentary Podcast的金·查卡内萨与狄克逊·契班达医生交谈时，
she started by asking him whether people were supportive of his idea:
她首先问他，人们是否支持他的想法：
Initially there was a lot of scepticism, a lot of resistance,
起初有很多怀疑和抗拒，
particularly from colleagues who thought this was not evidence-based, and it wasn't going to work.
尤其是来自同事们的，他们认为这没有根据，不会起作用。
The whole idea of training grandmothers – I mean, this has not been done anywhere else in the world so naturally there was resistance.
对奶奶们进行训练的整个想法——我的意思是，这在世界其它地方都没有试验过，所以自然人们会抗拒。
Were you at all apprehensive?
你担忧过吗？
I was, to be quite honest.
老实说，我担忧过。
At first, Dr Dixon Chibanda's ideas were met with scepticism – an attitude of doubting whether something is useful or true.
一开始，狄克逊·契班达医生的想法遭到了怀疑——怀疑某事物是否有用或真实的一种态度。
'Grandma benches' were a totally new idea, never seen before anywhere in the world,
“奶奶们坐在长椅给人进行治疗”是一个全新的想法，它在世界任何地方都从未出现过，
and so his colleagues naturally felt some resistance - refusal to accept a change or new idea.
所以他的同事们自然会感到有些抗拒——拒绝接受一种改变或新想法。
Which left Dr Dixon Chibanda feeling a little apprehensive – worried that something bad was going to happen to his project.
这让狄克逊·契班达医生有些担忧——担心他的计划会发生不好的事情。
Fortunately, as it turned out, Dr Dixon Chibanda's apprehensions were wrong.
幸运的是，事实证明，狄克逊·契班达医生担忧错了。
Grandmothers are highly respected in Zimbabwean society,
奶奶们在津巴布韦的社会中非常受尊敬，
and as they started listening, people began opening up and telling their stories.
而且当她们开始倾听时，人们开始敞开心扉，讲述自己的故事。
The 'grandma benches' have empowered over 50,000 people to deal with their life problems,
“奶奶们坐在长椅给人进行治疗”已经让5万多人得以解决自己的生活问题，
and Dr Dixon Chibanda even has plans to move his idea online, giving the world access to a virtual Friendship Bench.
而且狄克逊·契班达医生甚至打算将这个想法转移到网上，让全世界都能看到虚拟的“友爱长椅”。
Here he is again, explaining on the BBC World Service's The Documentary Podcast why he believes his ideas have been so successful:
在BBC全球服务节目The Documentary Podcast 中，他再次解释了为什么他认为自己的想法如此成功：
It works because it's simple, it's cheap and it's run by communities,
它之所以有效是因为它很简单，很便宜，而且是由社区运营，
particularly grandmothers who are in essence a resource in African communities.
尤其是那些奶奶们，她们本质上就是非洲社区的一种资源。
You know, they are the custodians of local culture and wisdom.
你要知道，她们是当地文化和智慧的守护人。
That's why it works,
那就是它为什么有效，
and I guess, it does away with western concepts, which remove the stigma that is normally associated with mental illness.
而且我想，它确实摒弃了西方的一些观念，消除了通常与精神疾病联系在一起的污名。
Clients are willing to share their problems with the grandmother-therapists because they are respected as cultural custodians
客户愿意与奶奶治疗师分享他们的问题，因为她们被尊为文化守护人
– people with responsibility for taking care of something or trying to protect ideas or principles,
——有责任爱护某些事物或试图保护一些观点或原则的人，
in this case local customs and wisdom.
在这里是指当地的习俗和智慧。
This helps do away with – or remove – the stigma attached to mental health
这有助于摒弃——或消除——与心理健康有关的污名
– strong feelings of shame or disapproval which most members of a community have towards something, such as psychological illness.
——一个社区中大多数成员对某些事情，如心理疾病，所怀有的强烈羞耻感或不赞同。
For Zimbabweans suffering domestic violence, unemployment and dealing with HIV,
对于饱受家庭暴力、失业和艾滋病毒困扰的津巴布韦人来说，
having a grandmother to talk to really can change their perceptions about how problems can be managed.
与一个老奶奶交谈真的可以改变自己对如何处理问题的看法。
So it seems true that 'a problem shared is a problem halved',
所以，“倾诉问题，问题就会减半”似乎是对的，
which reminds me of our quiz question, Sam.
那让我想起了我们的测试问题，萨姆。
Yes. You asked me what the talking therapy abbreviated to CBT stands for.
是的。你问我缩写为CBT的谈话疗法是指什么。
And I said c) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
我说的是c)认知行为疗法。
Which is absolutely right!
那完全正确！
CBT – a way of managing problems by changing ways of thinking and behaving.
CBT——一种通过改变思维和行为方式来处理问题的方法。
So this week we've been hearing the inspiring story of Zimbabwean Dr Dixon Chibanda's 'grandma bench' therapy
所以在本期节目中我们一直在听一个鼓舞人心的故事——津巴布韦的医生狄克逊·契班达的“奶奶们坐在长椅给人进行治疗”
- an idea which was initially met with scepticism – a doubtful attitude,
——这个主意最初遭到了怀疑——一种怀疑的态度，
and resistance – refusal to change and accept new ideas.
和抗击——拒绝改变和接受新想法。
Dr Dixon Chibanda's feelings of apprehension – worries that the project would fail,
狄克逊·契班达医生担忧——担心这个计划会失败，
proved false when his team of grandmother therapists were treated as custodians – or protectors, of wisdom and life experience,
但当他的奶奶治疗团被视为拥有智慧和生活经验的守护人或守护者时，他的担心就被证明是错的了，
who really could help people suffering depression, poverty and trauma.
这些奶奶们能够真正帮助那些饱受抑郁症、贫困和创伤折磨的人。
The success of the project helped do away with
这个计划的成功帮助摒弃了
– or remove – strong feelings of shame or disapproval felt by many people regarding mental health, known as stigma.
——或者说是消除了——许多人对心理健康的强烈羞耻感或不赞同感，也就是所谓的耻辱感。
To hear more inspiring, topical stories, join us again soon here at 6 Minute English.
想要听到更多鼓舞人心的话题故事，就再来收听我们的《六分钟英语》吧。
Bye for now!
再见了！
Goodbye!
再见！