馅饼真的是康沃尔郡的吗？
Is the pasty really Cornish?
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.
大家好。这里是BBC教学英语的《六分钟英语》。我是尼尔。
And I'm Rob.
我是罗伯。
Fancy a game of 'food connections', Rob?
想玩一个“食物连接”游戏吗，罗伯？
I'll name a place and you say the first food that comes to mind. Ready?
我会说出一个地方的名字，然后你说你想到的第一种食物。准备好了吗？
Yeah, sure, let's go!
嗯，当然，来吧！
Italy.
意大利。
Erm… "pizza" – or "lasagne".
嗯……“披萨”或者“千层面”。
New York?
纽约？
'Hot dog', of course. Or maybe 'bagels'.
当然是“热狗”。或者“百吉饼”。
Now, how about… Cornwall from the UK?
那英国的康沃尔郡呢？
Oh, right. If it’s Cornwall, it must be the famous 'Cornish pasty', right?
噢，如果是康沃尔郡，那一定是著名的康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼，对吧？
That's right!
没错！
Cornwall, the region which forms the south-western tip of Britain,
康沃尔郡是英国西南端一个地区，
is as famous for its pasties as New York is for hot dogs.
以其馅饼而闻名，就像纽约因热狗而闻名一样。
In this programme we'll be finding out all about Cornish pasties.
在本期节目中，我们将了解康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼的方方面面。
We'll hear how it's gone from humble beginnings to become a symbol of Cornish identity,
我们将听听它是如何从不起眼的东西变为康沃尔身份的象征，
and spread around the world to Jamaica, Argentina and Brazil.
以及如何在世界范围内传播到牙买加、阿根廷和巴西。
But what exactly is a pasty, Neil?
但馅饼到底是什么，尼尔？
Somewhere between a pie and a sandwich, right?
介于派和三明治之间，对吧？
A piece of pastry which is turned over and crimped along the side to make two corners…
一块饼皮，把它翻折一下，沿着边捏褶形成两个角。
… and filled with different ingredients - which brings me to my quiz question for today, Rob.
……里面包着各种各样的配料——这就引出了我今天的测试问题，罗伯。
What is the traditional filling in an authentic Cornish pasty?
正宗康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼的传统馅料是什么？
Is it: a) Chicken, avocado and brie, b) Beef, potato and turnip, or c) Pork, onion and chorizo?
是a)鸡肉、鳄梨和布里干酪，b)牛肉、土豆和芜菁甘蓝，还是c)猪肉、洋葱和西班牙辣香肠？
Well, chorizo is Spanish, isn't it?
西班牙辣香肠是西班牙的，对吧？
And avocado with brie doesn't sound traditionally Cornish,
鳄梨和布里干酪听起来不像是传统康沃尔菜，
so I’ll say b) beef, potato and turnip.
所以我选b)牛肉、土豆和芜菁甘蓝。
OK, Rob. We’ll find out later if you were right.
好的。罗伯。我们稍后将揭晓你是否正确。
What's for sure is that the Cornish pasty has had a long history as BBC Radio 4s The Food Programme discovered.
可以肯定的是，康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼有着悠久的历史，正如BBC广播4频道的The Food Programme所发现的那样。
They spoke to Dr Polly Russell, a public life curator at the British Library.
他们采访了大英图书馆的公共生活馆长波莉·拉塞尔博士。
Here she is reading from one of the earliest mentions of pasties from the late 17th century:
在这里，她读到了17世纪晚期对馅饼的最早提及之一：
There's a lovely bit here where he's describing what a housewife in Hertfordshire does,
这里有一段很有趣的描述，他描述了赫特福德郡一个家庭主妇的工作，
and he's talking about her way to make pork pies and pork pasties.
而且他谈到了她制作猪肉派和猪肉馅饼的方法。
Pies may be made and baked either raised in paste earthen pans or in pewter dishes or in the shape of a turnover, two-cornered pasties.
派可以在黏土做成的陶锅里或者锡镴餐具中制作和烘焙，或者可以翻折过来，做成有两个角的馅饼。
So that’s a very early reference to a pasty in the shape, I think, that we know it,
所以我认为那是我们已知的对馅饼形状的极早提及，
but also being made specifically for labourers - to be feeding labourers on a farm at harvest time.
但它也是专门为体力劳动者做的——在收获季节给农场的体力劳动者吃。
So the earliest pasties were made in pewter dishes – a traditional cooking plate made of a silver-coloured metal called 'pewter'.
所以最早的馅饼是在锡镴餐具中被做出来的，那是由一种叫做“锡镴”的银色金属制成的传统烹饪餐盘。
And they were eaten by agricultural labourers – workers doing physical farm work during harvest time
农业体力劳动者吃馅饼，体力劳动者是指在收获季节从事体力劳动的工人。
– the weeks in autumn when crops like wheat are cut and collected from the fields.
收货季节是秋天从田地里收割像小麦这样的农作物的那几个星期。
But it wasn't only farmers and labourers who ate pasties.
但吃馅饼的不仅仅是农民和体力劳动者。
As well as its farms and fishing, Cornwall was famous for tin mines,
除农场和渔业外，康沃尔郡还以锡矿闻名。
as Ruth Huxley of the Cornish Pasty Association explains:
正如康沃尔馅饼协会的露丝·赫胥黎所说：
Pasties would have been eaten by lots of people who went to work but it just worked perfectly down mines, and Cornwall became the world capital of mining.
本以为很多去工作的人都会吃馅饼，但只有矿上的人吃，而康沃尔成了世界矿业之都。
And so lots of pasties were made, lots of pasties were eaten and then that mining community went all over the world and took the pasty with them.
于是人们做了很多馅饼，吃了很多馅饼，然后矿区遍布世界各地并把馅饼带了过去。
Pasties were eaten by hungry workers involved in the mining industry
馅饼被饥肠辘辘的矿工吃掉
- digging up materials such as coal or metals like gold, or in Cornwall tin, from the ground.
——他们从地里挖出煤、黄金之类的金属或康沃尔锡等。
So far we've been talking about Cornwall.
到目前为止，我们一直在谈论康沃尔。
But you said the Cornish pasty has spread around the world, Neil.
但尼尔，你说康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼已经传遍了全世界。
How did that happen?
那是怎么发生的？
Well, that's connected to the tin miners we just talked about.
好吧，那和我们刚才谈到的锡矿工人有关。
Here's Polly Russell again:
这是波莉·拉塞尔再次谈到的：
This is replicated, not just in Mexico but with migrants moving to America, to Minnesota, to Canada, to Australia.
它不仅在墨西哥被复制出来，也和移民一起出现在美国的明尼苏达州、加拿大和澳大利亚。
So anyone who travels to many of those places now will see foods which are incredibly reminiscent and familiar and just like Cornish pasties.
所以任何一个去过那些地方的人现在都会看到那些非常令人回味和熟悉的食物，就像康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼一样。
In the 19th century, many Cornish tin miners emigrated, moving abroad to start a better life.
19世纪，一些康沃尔锡矿工人移居国外去开始更好的生活。
Their pasty recipes were replicated – or copied exactly, in the new places where they landed, from America to Australia.
从美国到澳大利亚，在他们到达的新土地上，他们的馅饼食谱被完全复制。
And that’s why in many places around the world you can find food which is reminiscent of pasties
那就是为什么在世界上很多地方你都能找到让你联想起馅饼的食物，
– meaning it reminds you of something similar,
意思是它让你想起一些相似的东西，
in this case the original Cornish pasty… with its traditional filling of…
在这里是指最初的康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼，其传统馅料是……
What’s was your quiz question again, Neil?
你的测试问题是什么来着，尼尔？
Ah, yes. I asked you what the traditional Cornish pasty filling was?
啊，是的。我问你传统康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼里是什么？
You said…
你说是……
I said b) beef, potato and turnip.
我说是b)牛肉、土豆和芜菁甘蓝。
And you were right!
你答对了！
'Keslowena', Rob – that's Cornish for 'congratulations'!
祝贺你，罗伯——那是康沃尔语的“祝贺”！
'Heb grev', Neil – that's 'no problem'!
不成问题，尼尔，那是指“没问题”！
In fact those other fillings – chorizo, avocado and brie
事实上，其它馅料——西班牙辣香肠、鳄梨和布里干酪
– really did feature in pasties entered for this year’s Annual World Pasty Championships, held in Cornwall every spring.
——确实给入围今年年度世界馅饼锦标赛的馅饼增添了特色，年度世界馅饼锦标赛每年春季在康沃尔郡举行。
Other pasty-inspired ideas include Argentinian chimichurri empanadas and spicy Jamaican patties.
其它受馅饼启发的创意包括阿根廷的辣酱肉馅卷饼和牙买加辣肉饼。
So the pasty is still going strong, both in Cornwall and around the world.
因此，馅饼在康沃尔和世界各地仍卖得很好。
Today we've been discussing Cornish pasties – a kind of filled pastry from the south-west of England,
今天我们一直在讨论康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼——一种来自英格兰西南部的馅饼，
originally made in pewter dishes – a silver-coloured metal dish.
最初是在锡镴餐具中做出来的——一种银色的金属餐盘。
Pasties were eaten by agricultural labourers – farm workers bringing in the autumn harvest
农业体力劳动者吃馅饼，体力劳动者是指在秋收时从事体力劳动的农场工人。
– the time when crops are cut and collected from the fields,
秋收是收割田地里庄稼的时候，
and also by workers in the tin mining industry – digging up metals like tin from underground.
而且锡矿工人也吃馅饼——他们从地下挖出像锡这样的金属。
Later, when these miners emigrated to new lands, pasties were replicated – cooked again in the same way.
后来，当这些矿工移居到新的土地上时，馅饼又被复制出来——以同样的方式再次被做出来。
In fact Cornish miners moved to so many new countries that today,
事实上，康沃尔矿工搬到了如此多的国家，以至于今天，
almost every corner of the world has food reminiscent of – or reminding you of, the original Cornish pasty.
几乎世界的每个角落都有让人联想起或回想起的食物——最初的康沃尔郡菜肉烘饼。
That's all for today.
以上就是今天的全部内容。
Join us again soon for more topical discussion and vocabulary on 6 Minute English.
下次再加入我们，更多话题讨论和词汇，就在《六分钟英语》。
Bye for now!
再见了！
Byebye.
再见。