南极洲的斯科特
Scott of the Antarctic
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
大家好，欢迎来到BBC学习英语的六分钟英语节目。
I'm Michelle.
我是米歇尔。
And I'm Helen.
我是海伦。
Today we're talking about one of the most famous explorers of all time - Scott of the Antarctic.
今天我们将要讨论有史以来最著名的探险家之一——南极洲的斯科特。
2012 marks the 100th anniversary of Captain Scott and his team making their epic journey to the South Pole.
2012年是斯科特船长和他的队伍到达南极的史诗级旅程的一百周年。
An expedition from which, sadly, they never returned.
遗憾的是，这个探险队再也没有回来。
Now the Natural History Museum in London is marking the anniversary with a new exhibition.
如今伦敦的国家历史博物馆开展了周年庆的展览。
And we'll hear more about that shortly, because of course first it's time for your quiz question Helen.
关于这些我们稍后会提到更多，因为当然首先是时候你来回答测验问题了，海伦。
Are you ready?
你准备好了吗？
Go on then.
那就继续了。
OK.
好的。
Now, Scott and his team were the first British explorers to reach the South Pole.
现如今，斯科特和他的队伍是第一个到达南极的英国探险队。
But my question is; going back in history to 1773, which other famous British explorer led the first successful expedition across the Antarctic Circle?
我的问题是：回到历史的1773年，谁是第一个成功穿过南极圈的英国探险家？
Was it:
它是：
a) Captain James Cook
a)詹姆斯·库克船长
b) Sir Francis Drake
b）德雷克爵士
c) Admiral Horatio Nelson
c)霍雷肖·纳尔逊上将
I have no idea!
我不知道！
I'm going to have a guess.
我要猜猜看。
Captain James Cook?
詹姆斯·库克船长?
Well we'll find out the answer at the end of the programme.
好的，我们将在节目的最后揭晓答案。
But back to Scott and his Antarctic expedition.
现在回到斯科特和他的南极探险队。
Captain Robert Falcon Scott was a British Royal Navy Officer and an adventurer.
罗伯特·斯科特船长是一位英国皇家海军军官和冒险家。
In 1912 he and his team set off on an expedition to be the first people to reach the South Pole.
在1912年他和他的队伍开始了一段探险，成为了到达南极洲的第一群人。
Yes but the British team were beaten by a Norwegian group, and on their way back, the men sadly died of exposure in the freezing conditions.
是啊，但是英国军队被挪威军队打败，在他们回去的路上，他们死于暴露在冰冷的环境中。
So sadly the epic journey ended in failure and tragedy.
所以悲伤的是传奇的旅程以失败和悲剧结束。
Let's hear from Natural History Museum curator Douglas Russell talking about Scott's journey, or as he calls it, a "polar endeavour".
让我们来听听来自自然历史博物馆馆长道格拉斯·罗素谈论斯科特的旅程，或如他所称的“极地奋进”。
To endeavour means to make a great effort to try to achieve something.
奋进意味着付出很多大的努力来达成某事。
In this clip see if you can catch what sort of extreme conditions Scott and his team had to face during their journey.
在这一段看看你是否能明白斯科特和他的团队在他们旅程中不得不面对什么样的残酷条件。
It's one of the most gallant stories in the history of Polar endeavour.
它是在南极探险的历史中最英勇的故事之一。
Three men spent five weeks walking across Ross Island in Antarctica in pitch darkness.
三名男子花了五个星期在黑暗中步行穿过南极洲的罗斯岛。
The temperatures that they endured were extraordinary.
他们所忍受的气温是极其残酷的。
It's very difficult, I think, for most people to understand that it's your ability to function at those extraordinary low temperatures.
我认为对大多数人来说，在极度低温中仅靠自己的能力去活动，这真的很难。
So did you catch some of the extreme conditions the curator described there Helen?
那么海伦妮是否理解馆长所描述的恶劣条件吗？
Yes he said that the men had to spend five weeks walking in pitch darkness.
是的，他说那些人在昏天黑地中行走了五周。
Yes pitch darkness, or as we sometimes say 'pitch black', means no light at all.
是的昏天黑地，或者向我们有时说的“漆黑”，意思是一点光都没有。
And did you hear how he described the temperatures in the South Pole?
你听到他是怎么描述南极洲的气温的了吗？
Yes he said that "the temperatures they endured were extraordinary".
是的，他说“他们所忍耐的是极度严寒”。
To endure something means to carry on through hardship or difficult conditions.
忍耐有时意味着在困难或是艰难的状况中继续。
It's hard to even imagine how cold it must get in the Antarctic!
甚至是很难想象在南极洲到底有多冷！
Well did you know that temperatures dropped to minus forty degrees Celsius?
好吧，你知道气温降至零下40摄氏度吗?
And it was so freezing that the men's teeth actually cracked!
天太冷了以至于把人的牙齿都冻碎了！
Minus forty degrees.
零下四十摄氏度。
That really is extraordinary!
那真的很极端。
But even though we know Scott's race to the South Pole ended in failure, the Natural HistoryMuseum wants to celebrate the explorers' achievements.
但是，尽管我们知道斯科特去南极的旅程以失败告终，自然历史博物馆仍然想庆祝探险家取得的成就。
Yes in fact while Scott and his team were in the Antarctic, they collected a number of interesting scientific items.
是的，实际上当斯科特和他的队伍在南极洲的时候，他们收集了大量的有趣的科学项目。
For example they collected rocks.
例如他们搜集岩石。
But probably the most famous item they collected was emperor penguin eggs.
但是最著名的项目可能是他们收集皇企鹅的蛋。
So these items are on display in the exhibition along with some of the equipment the men used during their journey.
这些物品陈列展览中还有他们在路上使用的设备。
In this next clip we'll hear from another curator at the museum, Elin Simonson.
在下一段中我们将听听另一位馆长艾琳·西蒙森的话。
What items is she describing here?
她在这里描述的是什么物品呢？
We also have the balaclava that Cherry-Garrard wore, and you can see how he attached a nose piece to the balaclava and he actually writes about it later, talking about how cold it was and he needed to protect his nose.
我们也有杰拉德穿戴的巴拉克拉法帽，你可以看到他怎样将鼻套到巴拉克拉法帽里，实际上他随后写到无论有多冷他必须保护他的鼻子。
And it's really nice to actually see that.
能真实的看到它真好。
And a thermal flask they had, and a light - of course it was dark - so this is a light they had with them.
一个热烧瓶，和一个灯，当然天很黑，所以他们就要带着灯。
So did you catch the first item the curator described there Helen?
所以海伦你明白馆长所描述的了吗？
Yes a balaclava which is a type of hat that covers the whole head and neck.
是的，巴拉克拉法帽是一种包裹全部头部和颈部的帽子。
And it sounds like this one was specially made to protect the wearer's nose against the freezing weather.
而且它听起来像是用来保护鼻子抵抗寒冷空气而特殊制作的。
That's right this balaclava was worn by an explorer called Cherry-Garrard, who had joined Scott in some of his earlier journeys.
对啊，这种巴拉克拉法帽是被叫作杰拉德的探险家所穿戴的，他在早年旅程中跟随斯科特。
And did you catch the other two items mentioned there?
你听到他提到的另外两项了吗？
There was a thermal flask and a light they used.
是他们用过的热烧瓶和灯。
So these are just some of the items which tell the story of Scott's epic journey, or as it's sometimes called, 'his voyage to the end of the world'.
这些都是斯科特史诗般的旅程中的一些物品的故事，或者有时称为“他的航行到世界的终结”。
Well Helen it's time to find out if you got your quiz question right.
好了海伦，到了揭晓测试题答案的时候了。
I asked you; which famous British explorer was the first person to cross the Antarctic Circle in 1773.
我问你，哪位著名英国探险家是在1773年首个穿越南极圈的？
And your choices were:
你的选择是：
a) Captain James Cook
a)詹姆斯·库克船长
b) Sir Francis Drake
b)弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士
c) Admiral Horatio Nelson
c)霍雷肖·纳尔逊上将
And what was your answer?
你的答案是什么？
I think I said Captain James Cook.
我想我说的是詹姆斯·库克船长。
A good guess.
猜的很好。
I can tell you that the answer is Captain James Cook.
我能告诉你答案就是詹姆斯·库克船长。
He set sail on a ship called the Resolution with his crew and a number of scientists on board.
他和他的士兵们和一些科学家用一艘名为“决心“的船上开始了航行。
And although the ship was the first to cross to Antarctic Circle in 1773.
而且这艘船是第一个在1773年穿越南极圈。
He never actually saw Antarctica itself because too much ice blocked the way.
他从来没有真正看到南极洲本身,因为太多的冰层挡住了去路。
OK
好的。
Helen please could you remind us of today's words?
海伦，你能回忆期今天的单词吗？
Of course.
当然。
They are: explorers
它们是：探险家
epic journey
史诗级的旅行
expedition
探险队
exhibition
展览会
exposure
暴露
endeavour
竭力
pitch darkness
昏天黑地
endured
忍耐
a balaclava
巴拉克拉法帽
Thanks very much Helen.
谢谢你海伦。
And that's all we've got time for today, but please do join us again for more 6 Minute English.
这就是我们今天的节目，但是请继续关注6分钟英语节目。
Bye.
再见。
Bye
再见。