宋伯涛总主编《非常讲解・八年级英语教材全解全析・上》江苏牛津版(天津人民出版社 2006年6月第3版)p63:Year 8意为“八年级”,是英国英语中的表达,等于美国英语中的Grade 8。其中基数词表达的是序数词的概念。用序数词表达为the Eighth Year或the Eighth Grade。由此可见用基数词表达时不用冠词,用序数词表达时要用定冠词,用基数词表达时数字在后,用序数词表达时序数词在前。
笔者认为上面的说法是片面的,是不符合当前英语的实际的,用“序数词+ Grade”表达时也不一定非要用定冠词。尽管很多工具书如L. G. 亚历山大著《朗曼英语语法》(雷航等译,外语教学与研究出版社1991年1月第1版)、 Randolph Quirk著的《英语语法大全》( 翻译本)(华东师范大学出版社,1989年9月第1版) 和 A.J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet著的《牛津实用英语语法》(第四版) 翻译本(外语教学与研究出版社,1998年12月第1版)均没有“序数词+ Grade”之前不用定冠词的例证,但在英国英语和美国英语中却已经大量使用。
请看“序数词+ Grade”之前不用定冠词的例证:
1. 译林版《牛津初中英语》八年级上(2007年6月第2次印刷)p24:
I’m in 9th grade at Rocky Mountain High School in Dever.
2. 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第六版)(商务印书馆 2004年 8月第2版)p761:
Sam was in (the) second grade. 萨姆读二年级。
3.《柯林斯COBUILD英语词典》(上海外语教育出版社 2000年10月第1版) p731:
Mr White teaches first grade in south Georgia.
4. TIME corpus of American English (1923-present) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University)(http://corpus.byu.edu/time):
2000-02-07 By seventh grade, chess is offered after school only. (笔者译:到七年级时, 只在放学后提供国际象棋。)
2001-10-29 I was sent to the principal's office in first grade. (笔者译:上一年级时,我被扭送倒校长室。)
2002-12-06 My artistic abilities became evident when I was in first and second grade,... (笔者译:上一二年级时,我的艺术才能显露出来。)
2003-02-21 His last year of formal schooling was ninth grade. (笔者译:他最后一年的正规教育是九年级。)
2005-06-06 …, in fifth grade, when we were called to the playground to compete for…(笔者译:……上五年级时,我们被叫到操场上进行 ……比赛。)
2006-02-17 …60th-birthday party for the President, attended by former classmates from first grade to Yale, and Bush was in high spirits. (笔者译:……参加总统60岁生日宴会的有他以前从一年级到耶鲁大学的同学,布什非常高兴。)
5. BNC(英国国家语料库http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk):
During the same period only about 70 per cent of the pupils who complete fifth grade every year will be able to continue their schooling in the regular education system. (笔者译:在同一时期,完成五年级学业的只有大约70%学生能够在正规的教育系统继续接受教育。)
Rural drop-outs remained on average around 20 per cent, and 45 per cent at sixth grade. (笔者译:农村的辍学率仍在平均大约 20%,而六年级是45%。)
I wanted to find a better job, but for a factory you need to have finished school and in the coffee processing industries they ask for ninth grade. (笔者译:我想找份好点的工作,而工厂需要你完成学业,咖啡加工工厂需要九年级毕业。)
以上例证足以说明无论美国英语还是英国英语都把“序数词+ Grade”之前不用定冠词当作标准的英语,并大量地使用。
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