1. 你能理解这个 if not, not. 吗
If the weather is fine, we will go. If ______, ______.
A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not
此题应选A。这是一个省略句, 若补充完整应该是：
If the weather is fine, we will go. If the weatheris NOT fine, we will NOT go. 如果天气好, 我们就去, 若天气不好, 我们就不去。
该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同, 只是前句为肯定, 后句为否定, 为了简洁起见, 将后句与前句相同部分省略, 只保留否定词 not。类似的例子(只保留否定词not)如：
1. ―Can you repair it yourself? 你自己会修吗?
―I am afraid not. 恐怕不行。(www.yygrammar.com)
(=I am afraid I can’t repair it myself. )
2. ―Did you know anything about it? 这事你以前知 道吗?
―Not until you told me. 你告诉我才知道。
(=I didn’t know anything about it until youtold me. )
3. ―Will it rain today? 今天会下雨吗?
―I hope not. 希望不会。
(=I hope it will not rain today. )
2. 由连词if构成的省略
The books is well written and well printed. There are few, if ______, mistakes in it.
A. any B. some C. other D. another
此题应选A。这是一个省略句, 句中的if any＝if there are any(如果有任何错误的话)。
下面是一些由连词if构成的省略实例：
1. There is very little water, if any. 即使有水也不多了。
(if any=if there is any water)
2. Fill in the blanks with a, an, the, if necessary. 在必要的地方填上a, an, the。
(if necessary=if it is necessary)
3. Are you busy this afternoon? If not, I wish youwould go with me. 你今天下午忙吗?要是不忙, 我想请你同我一起去。
(if not=if you are not busy)
4. If possible, I should like to have two copiesof it. 可能的话我希望有两本。
(if possible=if it is possible)
5. If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful. 要是管理不善, 灌溉还可能会有害。
(if not well managed=if it’s not well managed)
6. If convenient to you I will come to see you this evening. 要是你方便的话, 我今晚来看你。
(if convenient to you=if it is convenient to you)
3. 如何理解这个if not better than
Jim plays football as well as, if ______ than, Mike.
A. no better B. not better C. no good D. not good
此题应选B。容易误选A。这是一个省略句, 其中的 ifnot better than＝if he doesn’t play football betterthan。全句意为：吉姆踢足球如果不是比迈克踢得更好, 至少也是一样好。
请做以下类似试题：
1. Her pronunciation is as good as, if _____ than, her teacher’s.
A. no better B. not better
C. no good D. not good
2. This bridge is as strong as, if _____ than, thatone.
A. no stronger B. not stronger
C. no strong D. not strong
3. In that business, he earned as much as, if _____than, $40000.
A. no more B. not more
C. no much D. not much
4. He has been to
A. no more B. not more
C. no much D. not much
答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B
4. 如何理解这个the poor poorer
In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and ______.
A. the poor the poor B. poor poor C. the poor poorer D. poorer the poor
此题应选C。这是一个省略句, 若补充完整应为：
In some western countries, the rich are becomingricher, and the poor are becoming poorer. 在有些西方国家, 富人变得更富, 而穷人则变得更穷。
前后两句谓语相同, 后句承前省略。类似的有：
1. I am a teacher and my sister a nurse. 我是老师我姐姐是护士。
(...my sister a nurse=...my sister is a nurse)(www.yygrammar.com)
2. John won the first race and Mick the second. 约翰赢了第一场比赛, 米克赢了第二场比赛。
(...and Mick the second = ...and Mick won thesecond race)
3. In the accident the son was wounded, but themother killed. 在事故中, 儿子受伤, 母亲丧命。
(...but the mother killed=...but the mother waskilled)
有时若后句的主语和宾语等与前句相同, 则可一起省去：
4. He did it and quite successfully too at the beginning. 他这样做了, 而且一开始就很成功。
(=He did it and he did it quite successfully too at the beginning. )
5. 由某些状语从句引出的省略
He is a man of few words. He never speaks unless ______.
A. speaking B. spoken C. speaking to D. spoken to
此题应选D。这是省略句, 补完整为：
He is a man of few words. He never speaks unless
he is spoken to. 他是一个沉默寡言的人, 除非别人同他说话, 否则他从不说话。
在英语中, 一些表示时间、地点、条件、方式、 让步等的从句, 若其主语与主句主语一致, 且从句谓语包含动词be, 那么可将从句的主语和动词be省略：
You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old. 趁年轻时要努力学习, 不然到老了你会后悔的。
I won’t go unless (I am) invited. 我不会去, 除非请我。
He worked very hard though (he was) still ratherpoor in health. 尽管身体还不好, 但他仍努力工作。
He will work hard wherever (he is) sent by theParty. 无论党把他派往哪里, 他都会努力工作。
While (I was) waiting I was reading some old magazines. 等的时候我在看一些旧杂志。
If (it is) carefully done, the experiment will besuccessful. 如果做得仔细, 这个实验会成功。
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing thestreets. 过马路时要注意汽车。
6. 这个to能省略吗
―Would you like to see the film with me?
―Yes, I’d very much like ______.
A. to B. to see C. × D. see
此题应选A。该句为省略句, 补完整为：I’d very muchlike to see the film with you. 我很想同你去看电影。
有时为了避免重复前面已经出现过的动词，可以用不定式符号(to)来代替不定式结构，但在许多情况下这个不定式符号(to)不能省略：
I don’t dance much now, but I used to. 我现在不常跳舞, 但我过去常常跳。
He hasn’t done the washing, but he’s going to. 他还没有洗衣服, 但他就要去洗了。
Why didn’t you come last night?You were told to. 你昨晚为什么不来, 告诉过你要来的吧。
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the streetbut his mother told him not to. 这个男孩想要到街上去骑自行车, 但他母亲叫他不要去。
A：Is he going to learn to drive? 他打算学开车吗?
B：He’d be silly not to, wouldn’t he? 他要是不学开车, 那他就有点傻, 是不是?
I think he should get a job, but you can’t forcehim to. 我想他应该找个工作, 但你不能逼他找。
不过有时也可将代替不定式的不定式符号(to)省略：
―Ought he to start now? 他现在必须出发吗?
―Yes, he ought (to). 是的, 他必须出发。
7. 是反意问句还是省略句
Many people have become rich by working hard, ______ you?
A. are B. have C. aren’t D. haven’t
此题应选B。容易误选C, D, 误认为这是反意疑问句。其实这是一个省略句, 补全为：
Many people have become rich by working hard;have you become rich by working hard too? 许多人通过勤劳致了富, 你也通过勤劳致富了吗?
又如：
Many young people like the book. Do you? 许多年轻人喜欢这本书, 你喜欢吗?
He will leave for
We all want to attend the meeting;do you? 我们都想参加这次会议, 你想参加吗?
以下各句情况也有些类例：
1. ―I met Mr Smith last Sunday? 上个星期天我遇到 史密斯先生了。
―Oh, did you? 哦, 是吗?
2. ―He has come back already? 他已经回来了?
―Oh, has he? 哦, 是吗?
3. ―Soon he will marry his cousin. 他不久将同他 表妹结婚。
―Oh, will he? 哦, 是吗?
4. ―Jim, why weren’t you telling the truth? 你为 什么不讲真话?
―But I was. 但我讲的是真话。