综观历年高考英语非谓语动词考题，其考点主要不外乎以下四类：一是要求考生确定该用何种非谓语动词（不定式？动名词？现在分词？过去分词？）；二是要求考生确定非谓语动词用什么时态（一般式？进行式？完成式？）；三是要求考生确定非谓语动词用什么语态（主动式？被动式？）；四是在考查其他知识点时用非谓语动词选项作干扰，要求考生能准确识别。下面我们分别就这四类考点的应对技巧作一归纳，希望对同学们的复习有所帮助。

一、确定非谓语动词形式的技巧

1. 根据语法特点确定

英语语法对非谓语动词的具体使用有许多“规则”，其中最基本、最简单，同时也是最常考的一条是：介词后通常要用动名词，不用不定式。这一点虽然看似简单，但许多容易忽略，尤其是当介词与所考查的动名词被其他成分所隔开时，更是容易被忽略。如：

例1  One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. (北京卷)

A. corrects           B. correct          C. to correct         D. correcting

解析：答案为D。making mistakes 和 correcting them 为两个并列的动名词，用作介词 by 的宾语，所以应采用相同的形式。又如：When you are cooking it’s best to clear up as you go, instead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with. 烹调时，最好是边干边收拾，而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆东西要打扫收拾。

例2  Pressed from his parents, and ______ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. (福建卷)

A. realizing              B. realized               C. to realize             D. being realized

解析：答案为A。介词 from 后接有两个并列成分作宾语，一个是 his parents，另一个是 realizing that…。句意为：一方面来自父母的压力，另一方面自己也意识到已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定不再玩电子游戏了。又如：After looking up their number in the phone book and making sure l had got it right, I phoned again. 我查了电话簿，确信电话号码无误之后，我又打了电话。

2. 根据搭配习惯确定

英语中有许多需要与特定非谓语动词搭配的表达，如有些动词只接不定式作宾语，而有些动词则只接动名词作宾语；有些动词可接不定式的复合结构作宾语，而有些动词却不能接不定式的复合结构作宾语；有些固定搭配习惯上只允许与不定式搭配，有些固定搭配习惯上只允许与现在分词搭配，还有些固定搭配则习惯上只允许与过去分词搭配；等等――所有这些都有可能成为高考的考点，所以记住这些搭配习惯对做题至关重要。如：

例1  I remembered ______ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (安徽卷)

A. locking               B. to lock                 C. having locked     D. to have locked

解析：答案为B。remember 后接不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语均可，但意思不同：后接不定式表示记住要做某事，后接动名词表示记住做过的事情。根据句意，选B最合适。句意为：我在离开办公室前记住了要锁门，但忘记了要关灯。又如：Please remember to water the plants while I’m away. 我不在时，请记住浇花。

例2  Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ______ to the new students. (江西卷)

A. speaking             B. having spoken    C. to speak              D. to have spoken

解析：答案为C。考查 invite sb to do sth 句式，但试题中用的是 invite 的被动式。又如：Don’t forget we’re invited to the Jones’ for drinks on Sunday. 别忘了我们受邀请到琼斯家参加星期日的酒会。

例3  If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge. (陕西卷)

A. meets               B. meeting            C. meet               D. to meet

解析：答案为D。have no choice but to do sth 为英语固定句式，意为“除了做某事外别无选择；只好做某事”，其中的不定式不可改为其他形式。又如：For the above reasons, the management has no choice but to close the factory. 基于上述原因，管理层没有办法，只好关闭工厂。

例4  As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed _______ into the sports club. (上海卷)

A. going             B. to go            C. go                D. gone

解析：答案为B。考查allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）句式，此题属该句式的被动式，表示“被允许做某事”。又如：Exam candidates are not allowed to use advanced calculators with database capability. 考生不得使用有数据库功能的高级计算器。

例5  When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say. (上海卷)

A. thinking of           B. to think of           C. thought of           D. think of

解析：答案为A。考查 have trouble doing sth（做某事有困难）的用法，其中的 doing sth 习惯上不能改为不定式或过去分词，但可在 doing sth 前加上介词 in（加上介词 in 后，doing 为动名词）。又如：No, I don’t know his number―I have quite enough trouble remembering my own. 不，我不知道他的号码，我光记自己的号码就够困难的了。

 

3. 根据句子语境确定

例1  Tony lent me the money, _______ that I’d do as much for him. (全国卷II)

A. hoping               B. to hope               C. hoped                D. having hoped

解析：答案为A。根据句子语境以及选项动词hope的意思可知，空格处所填之词在此表伴随，而英语中表示伴随的非谓语动词通常就是现在分词，故选hoping。句意为：托尼把钱借给了我，希望我能尽力为他工作。又如：She rushed past the policeman, hoping he wouldn’t ask what she had in her suitcase. 她赶紧从警察身边走过去，希望他不会问起手提箱里有什么。

例2  He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched. (天津卷)

A. left                      B. to leave               C. leaving                D. having left

解析：答案为C。根据句子语境以及选项动词leave的意思可知，空格处所填之词在此表结果，而英语中表示结果的非谓语动词通常就是现在分词，故选leaving。又如：A man rushed past and jogged her elbow, making her drop the bag. 一个男人从她身边匆匆走过，轻轻碰了一下她的肘部，结果她的袋子掉了。

例3  Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky. (四川卷)

A. finding          B. to find          C. being found      D. to have found

解析：答案为B。根据句子语境以及选项动词find的意思可知，空格处所填之词在此表结果，而且是表示令人感到意外的结果（尤其注意空格前的副词only）。根据英语语法，表示意外的结果，通常用only to do sth，故选B。又如：He raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed. 他飞快地跑过起居室，却发现前门锁上了。

 

二、确定非谓语动词时态的技巧

确定非谓语动词时态方法很简单，那就是看非谓语动词所表示的动作是发生在谓语动词之前还是之后――若发生在谓语动词之前，则非谓语动词用完成式；否则，就用一般式。如：

______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (重庆卷)

A. Having been asked B. To ask             C. Having asked     D. To be asked

解析：答案为A。从时间上看，显然“被要求加班”在“错过看电影”之前，故非谓语动词要用完成式，据此可排除B和D；又因为动词 ask 与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动意义的选项C。句意为：由于那天晚上我被要求加班，所以我错过了一场很好的电影。又如：Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another. 自己当老板已经这么久了，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。

 

三、确定非谓语动词语态的技巧

1. 根据句子的逻辑意义来确定

判断非谓语动词是要用主动式还是被动式，最简单的办法就是看非谓语动词的逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系――若是主谓关系，则非谓语动词用主动式；若是动宾关系，则非谓语动词用被动式。如：

例1  China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______ in the South China Sea. (福建卷)

A. attacking             B. having attacked C. being attacked    D. having been attacked

解析：答案为C。考查 prevent sb (sth) from doing sth 结构，其意为“阻止某人（某物）做某事”。根据句意，Chinese fishing boats 与 attack 之间为被动关系，故动名词要用被动式，可排除A和B；再根据动作的先后关系，可排除D。句意为：中国最近加紧黄岩岛附近的水域控制来防止中国渔船在南海被袭击。又如：The most important trees were tagged to protect them from being damaged by construction machinery. 最珍贵的树木都被贴上了标签，以防被建筑机械毁坏。

例2  We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ to achieve the final success.(湖南卷)

A. being done         B. do                    C. to be done         D. to do

解析：答案为C。从意义上看，“工作”应该是需要“被做”，故要用不定式的被动式。不过值得一提的是，need也可后接动名词，此时则要用主动形式表示被动意义，所以如果将A改为doing，则也可视为正确答案。

 

2. 根据英语的表达习惯来确定

非谓语动词的主动与被动除根据句意来确定外，有时还要遵循英语的表达习惯，尤其是在有些表达中，尽管意义上是被动的，但形式上却要用主动式来表达。如：

This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (辽宁卷)

A. operating        B. to be operating      C. operated               D. to operate

解析：答案为D。sth is easy to do 这类句式中，尽管句子主语与 easy 后的不定式具有动宾关系，该不定式习惯上却要用主动形式表示被动意义，而不能直接使用被动形式。又如：The shower is easy to install ― it needs only to be connected up to the hot and cold water supply. 淋浴器很容易安装――只要接上冷热水就行。

3. 注意用过去分词表被动

例1  When ______ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (安徽卷)

A. asking                B. asked                 C. having asked      D. to be asked

解析：答案为B。由于句子主语与动词 ask 之间为被动关系，故可排除 A 和 C；再根据句意和动作的先后关系，最佳答案应为 B。又如：When asked for your views about your current job, on no account must you be negative about it. 被问及你对自己目前工作的看法时，无论如何不要流露出消极情绪。

例2  After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ______. (山东卷)

A. providing          B. provided          C. having provided  D. provide

解析：答案为B。由于 the envelop 与动词 provide 之间为被动关系，故只能选 B，其余三项均不表示被动关系。又如：Members shall enter the names of their guests in the book provided. 会员必须把所邀客人的名字登记在提供的本子上。

 

四、识别假非谓语动词考点的技巧

有些考题尽管选项用了非谓语动词作干扰，但命题者其实不是考查非谓语动词。这其中真正的考点通常有两种可能：一是考查祈使句，二是考查某些特殊句式。如：

例1  ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. (北京卷)

A. Knock                B. Knocking            C. Knocked             D. To knock

解析：答案为A。此题从四个选项来看，好像是在考查非谓语动词，但实际上，本题考查的是祈使句的用法，即该句的主句是一个祈使句，句子后半部分是一个由 before 引导的时间状语从句。又如：Before you send the letter, check with Bill to see if the address is right. 你在寄信之前找比尔核对一下，看地址对不对。

例2  I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ______ his job. (浙江卷)

A. quits                    B. to quit                 C. quitting                D. quit

解析：答案为D。根据 either…or…的搭配特点，空格处应填一个与study 形式相同的动词，也就是用动词原形，故答案为 D。又如：You can either come by bus or take a taxi. 你可乘公共汽车来或是坐的士来。

（编辑  陈根花）