1. 用作名词,注意以下用法:
(1) 若指一次洪水,为可数名词;若泛指一般意义的洪水,则为不可数名词。如:
It was a serious flood. 那是一次严重的水灾。
War, famine, and flood are terrible evils. 战争、饥荒、洪水都是可怕的灾难。
但是,用作不可数名词时也可用复数形式,此时并不表示多次洪水。如:
Floods in this area caused more than 500 deaths. 这个地区涨洪水造成了500多人的死亡。
The heavy rain caused floods in the houses by the river. 这场大雨下得河边的房子都进了水。
(2) 虽然本身表示“洪水”,但有时仍可用于water之前使用。如:
The flood waters are going down. 洪水渐退。
Flood water covered the fields by the river. 洪水淹没了河边的田地。
(3) 用于in flood,表示“洪水泛滥”。如:
We can’t cross the meadow there because the river is in flood. 我们不能从那里穿过草地,因为河水泛滥了。
(4) 有时用于引申义,表示“大量”“大批”,为可数名词,尤其用于a flood of或floods of这类结构。如:
The child was in floods of tears. 那孩子哭成了泪人儿。
I received a flood of letters this morning. 我今天早晨收到一大批来信。
2. 用作动词,可用作及物或不及物动词。如:
Every spring the river floods (the valley). 每年春季河水泛滥(淹没山谷)。
The river burst its banks and flooded the town. 河水冲决了堤岸,淹没了城镇。
Rivers (were) flooded by a heavy rain. 一阵大雨后河水猛涨。
有时用于引申义,表示像洪水一样涌来。如:
Letters of thanks flooded in. 感谢信大量涌来。
Applications flooded into the office. 申请书像潮水般涌进办公室。
A powerful light flooded (into) the grounds. 有一道强光照进了庭院。