1. 考查名词单复数的变化规则
例1 ―Would you like some ________for dinner?
―OK. (湖南娄底中考题)
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomato’s
【解析】由于空格前有 some 修饰,所以所填的 tomato 要用复数,而 tomato 的复数是 tomatoes,故选 C。
例2 Here are some ________. Do you like ________? (贵州安顺中考题)
A. oranges; them B. orange; it C. oranges; they D. oranges; their
【解析】根据空格前的 some 以及句子谓语动词 are 可知,第一空应填复数形式的 oranges,故可排除选项B;至于第二空,它是用于代替的复数形式 oranges 的,所以要用复数形式;且它在此用作动词 like 的宾语,所以要用宾格,即填 them。故本题答案为 A。
2. 考查名词与复合词中的单复数用法
例1 Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the ________ English Training. (湖北孝感中考题)
A. two-month B. two-months C. two months D. two month
【解析】根据英语语法,当名词与其他词用连字符连接构成复合词时,其中的名词通常应用单数形式。故本题答案选A,two-month English Training意思是“为期两个月的英语培训”。
例2 No way! I don’t think ________ should be allowed to drive. I am worried about your safety. (贵州遵义中考题)
A. fifteen years old B. fifteen-year-olds
C. fifteen-year-old D. fifteen-years-olds
【解析】类似five-year-old, ten-year-old, fifteen-year-old这类表达,其中的名词 year 总是用单数,不用复数。这类复合词既可用作形容词置于名词前作定语,表示“……岁的……”,如 a five-year-old boy(一个5岁的男孩);也可以直接用作名词,表示“……岁的人”,如a five-year-old(一个5岁的孩子),此时它可以用于复数形式,但应在整个词的后面加-s,如five-year-olds,而不能在year后加-s,即不以有是five-years-old,故本题答案是B.
3. 考查根据句子语境选用适当的名词
例1 She says her favorite ________ is English. (四川成都中考题)
A. color B. sports C. subject D. work
【解析】如果仅从语法上看,四个选项都可以选。但根据句意,显然只有 subject 最合适,因为 English 是一个“学科”(subject),而不是 colour, sports, work 等。
例2 Dave really likes driving. I think being a ________ is just right for him. (重庆中考题)
A. doctor B. teacher C. farmer D. driver
【解析】如果我们不看前面一句,四个选项放入空格处都正确。解答此题的关键是在前句中的动名词driving,因为喜欢开车,所以最适合当司机,故最佳答案选D。
4. 考查根据文化背景选用适当的名词
例1 The New York Times is a popular daily ________. (山东德州中考题)
A. dictionary B. magazine C. newspaper D. guidebook
【解析】句中的The New York Times意思是《纽约时报》,它是一份很受欢迎的报纸,所以选 newspaper。其余三项《纽约时报》不相干。故答案应选C。
例2 The Chinese saying “A tree can’t make a forest” tell us that ________ is very important in a football match. (山东泰安中考题)
A. ability B. decision C. teamwork D. experience
【解析】句意:句中的 A tree can’t make a forest 意思是“独木不成林”,是一句谚语,类似的表达还有“单音不成曲”“一花不成春”等,均强调“集体力量的重要性”,也就是合作的重要性,选项中teamwork(合作)符合句意,故选C。
5. 考查名词所有格的表达方式
例1 ―Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?
―No, it’s my ________. He left it there just now. (湖南长沙中考题)
A. brother B. brother’s C. brothers’ D. brother’es
【答案】根据问句内容可知,这是在询问课桌下的书包是不是对方的,故答句应用所有格,同时根据空格后的 he 可知,这里的 brother 应用单数形式,即填 brother’s,故选B。
例2 The online shop sells ________clothing at a very good price. (江苏盐城中考题)
A. child and man’s B. children and men’s
C. children’s and men D. children’s and men’s
【答案】本题涉及A and B’s 与 A’s and B’s 所有格的区别。A and B’s 表示A和B共用的东西,A’s and B’s 表示A和B分别使用的东西。根据本句语境,孩子和大人不可能共穿同样的衣服,所以应该分别用所有格,即选D。
6. 考查不可数名词的数量表达方式
例1 Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ________. (广东广州中考题)
A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice
【答案】由于 rice 是不可数名词,所以不能用复数形式,故可排除C;也不能连用不定冠词,故可排除D;同时也不能用 a few 修饰,故可排除B,即答案为A。
例2 There are ________ on the table. Would you like to drink some?
A. two milk B. two bottles of milk
C. two bottle of milk D. two bottles of milks
【解析】milk意为“牛奶”,是物质名词不可数,所以其后不能加词尾-s。要表示它的数量,我们可用单位词bottle来表示,并根据句意单位词可用复数形式。故本题答案为B。
【即学即练】
从下列各题所给的四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. We have searched the ________ for one hour for the information about Ma Yun.
A. TV B. radio C. Internet D. computer
2. There are few ________ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some tomatoes, carrots and cabbages.
A. fruit B. meat C. vegetables D. eggs
3. Granny is badly ill. We have to take her to the ________.
A. farm B. post office C. shop D. hospital
4. ―Why are you walking to school?
―Because my ________ is broken.
A. bike B. watch C. radio D. bag
5. They have much colored ________. Let’s go and ask for some.
A. rulers B. paper C. erasers D. sharpeners
6. ―Would you like to read the English ________ on the medicine bottle for me?
―With pleasure.(www.yygrammar.com)
A. instructions B. meanings C. pictures D. documents
7. ―Sorry, Jane. I took your school bag by ________.
― It doesn’t matter.
A. hand B. mistake C. bike D. heart
8. If you want to sell your old house, why not put an ________ in the newspaper?
A. e-mail B. advice C. article D. advertisement
答案:1―5 CCDAB 6―8 ABD
(责任编辑 陈根花)