快速掌握状语从句用法有“五招”
第一招:弄清什么叫状语从句
所谓状语从句,就是指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。英语中的状语从句根据其用途可分为很多类,比如时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等。如:
Shut the door after you when you go out. 出去时请随手关门。(when引导的是时间状语从句)
The little boy was crying because he was lost. 那小孩因迷路而哭。(because引导的是原因状语从句)
If it is necessary I will come at 6. 如有必要,我6点钟来。(if引导的是条件状语从句)
He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor. 他病得很重 我们只好给他请医生了。(that引导的是结果状语从句)
Although he’s quite old he’s still very active. 他虽然老了,可仍闲不住。(although引导的是让步状语从句)
You must do as your parents tell you. 你必须按你父母说的去做。(as引导的是方式状语从句)
He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。(in order that引导的是目的状语从句)
You sing better than he does. 你的歌比他唱得好。(than引导的是比较状语从句)
第二招:记住状语从句的时态特点
根据英语习惯,在时间状语、条件状语、让步状语等从句中,我们通常应用一般现在时来表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态表示将来意义。如:
I’ll ask him as soon as he comes. 他一来我就问他。(不能用will come)
Although it is difficult, we shall do it. 此事虽难,但我们要做。(不能用will be)
The flowers will live longer if you put them in water. 把花放在水里能活长一点。(不能用will put)
请看有关最新考题:
1. Johnson won’t answer the phone if he ______ the number. (2017广东中考题)
A. knew B. doesn’t know C. will know D. didn’t know
分析:虽然主句用的是一般将来时,但从句应用一般现在时,因为这里的if是引导条件状语从句,即答案选 B。句意为:如果约翰逊对电话号码不熟悉,他就不接电话。
2. ―I want to know if your pen friend ______ tomorrow.
―If she ______ tomorrow, we’ll give her a big surprise. (2017辽宁营口中考题)
A. will come, will come B. will come, come
C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
分析:做本题的关键是要分清两处空格前的if表示什么意思。第一空前的if,意思是“是否”,它引导的不是条件状语从句,而是宾语从句,所以要用将来时态表示将来意义,即第一空应填will come;而第二空前的if表示“如果”,它引导的是条件状语从句,所以要用一般现在时表示将来意义,即第二空应填comes。故答案应选 C。句意为:“我想知道你的笔友明天是否会来。”“如果他明天来,我们会给她一个大大的惊喜。”
第三招:分清状语从句引导词的意思
不同的状语从句用不同的引导词(语法上叫从属连词)来引导,而不的引导词又有不同的意思,同学们一定要分清各类状语从句引导词的意思和用法。事实上,许多考查状语从句的考题,其实质就是考查同学们对状语从句引导词的理解。同学们做这类考题时,通常只需将所给答案分别代入填空句中,哪个选项能使句子意思最通顺、最合情理,哪个选项就是最佳答案。如:
1. We’ll achieve our dreams some day ______ we keep trying and never give up. (2017长沙中考题)
A. as long as B. even though C. so that
分析:as long as的意思是“只要”,even though的意思是“即使”,so that的意思是“以便”,将三个选项的意思分别代入句中,显然只能as long as最符合句意,即答案选A。句意为:只要我们坚持努力,永不放弃,我们总有一天可以实现我们的梦想。
2. The TV news talked about a car accident near our house ______ I was eating. (2017云南曲靖中考题)
A. as soon as B. since C. while D. until
分析:as soon as的意思是“一……就”,since的意思是“自从”,while的意思是“当……时”,until的意思是“直到”,将四个选项的意思分别代入句中,显然只有while最符合句意,即答案选C。句意为:当我在吃饭的时候,电视新闻说我们家附近发生了一场车祸。
3. We’ll stay at home it rains tomorrow. (2017天津中考题)
A. and B. if C. but D. so
分析:在所给的四个选项中,只有 if 是从属连词,可以引导状语从句,其余三个均为并列连词,均不能引导状语从句;另外,将四个选项分别代入句中,也只有if能使句子意思通顺,故答案选B。句意为:如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
第四招:注意状语从句的搭配习惯
根据汉语的表达习惯, 我们通常可以说“因为……所以……”,但是根据英语习惯,我们不能将because(因为)与so(所以)搭配在一起使用。简单地说,这是习惯问题,但其实这是有原因的。因为,根据英语的句子结构划分,英语句子可以分为简单句(通常只有一个主谓结构)、并列句(有两个或多个主谓结构用并列连词连接)和复合句(由一个主句加上一个或几个从句组成)等三类。英语中的because 是从属连词, 用于引导原因状语从句,它与相应的主句构成复合句;而so是并列连词,它只能用于连接两个简单句使其成为并列句。所以,如果根据汉语的表达习惯,将because与so搭配使用,则使得这个句子从because来看,它像是一个复合句,而从so来看,它又像是一个并列句,但事实上,这两类句型都不是。所以,它们不能连用。如:
因为下雨,他叫了一辆出租车。
正:Because it was raining, he took a taxi. (复合句)
正:It was raining, so he took a taxi. (并列句)
误:Because it was raining, so he took a taxi. (既非复合句也非并列句, 所以是错的)
类似地,按汉语习惯,我们说“虽然……但是……”,然而按英语习惯,我们不说(al)though…but…,理由同上。如:
饭菜虽然冷了,但是味道很好。
正:Although the meal was cold, it tasted delicious.
正:The meal was cold, but it tasted delicious.
误:Although the meal was cold, but it tasted delicious. (既非复合句也非并列句, 所以是错的)
请看有关最新考题:
1. ______ Lily is only five years old, ______ she can swim very well. (2017湖南邵阳中考题)
A. Though, but B. Because, so C. Though, /
分析:从所给选项的搭配形式上看,只能选 C。句意为:虽然莉莉只有五岁,但她游泳游得很好。
2. ______ the Internet is of great use, ______ we shouldn’t be lost in it. (2017黑龙江大庆中考题)
A. Although, but B. For, but C. Although, / D. Because, and
分析:从所给选项的搭配形式上看,只能选 C。句意为:虽然互联网非常有用,但我们不应该沉迷其中。
第五招:理解状语从句的省略用法
当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句谓语包括有动词be时,有时可以省略从句主语和动词be。如:
While (he was) doing so, he kept silent. 他这样做时一言不发。
Often she would weep when (she was) alone. 她一个人时,常常哭泣。
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street. 过街时注意车辆。
Although (he is) still young he is going very grey. 尽管他还年轻他的头发却已变得灰白。
注:有些由if构成的省略结构,已属固定短语,如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so:
I’ll work late tonight if necessary. 必要的话,我今晚会工作得很晚。
I want to get back by five o’clock if possible. 如果可能的话,我想五点之前回来。
I might be away next week. If so, I won’t be able to see you. 下星期我可能外出。要是那样,我就见不到你了。
(编辑 陈根花)