1. 【2018年全国III卷・语法填空】
I’m not sure ___61___ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
【参考译文】我不清楚是谁更为受到了惊吓,是我还是那只不知何时就会窜出来的雌性大猩猩。
【参考解析】本题答案为who。不过其可能会荣获年度最具争议奖,如果有的话。至今还有许多专家教授老师以及各种真题解析版本仍在顽强地坚守心中的另一个答案which。
如果根据PEU的解释及例句,似乎只能选择who。“当who/which后面没有跟名词或代词时,指人用who,而不用which。Who won―Smith or Fitzgibbon? 不能说Which won”。
《英语常见问题大词典》认为who具有【无定所指】,而which是【有定所指】,这样看来似乎又只能用which。不过,该书在which/who词条最后引述CGEL的观点及例句值得我们关注:但是在实际上,who与which的上述区分有时被打破
Who / Which do you like best―your father or your mother?
不知咱们这句高考题是否适用于其所说的【有时】?
2.【2018年全国I卷・语法填空】
You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running.
【参考译文】你或许喝酒抽烟身体超重,可即便如此,跑步依然能降低早死的风险。
【参考解析】本题不难,答案为dying。难在并列连词and的理解。这里的and是转折让步与对比的混合体,这种用法已经在各级测试题中时有所见。例:
Mary is ten and can’t dress herself. 玛丽10岁了,可还不会自己穿衣服呢?(表让步,对比)
Father stays up late at night and / but he gets up early in the morning . 父亲晚上睡得很晚,可是早晨起得很早。(表对比)
3.【2018年全国I卷・完形填空】
The absolute most important ___56___ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good ___57____ .
56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill
57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments
【参考译文】下棋时要学会的最重要的技能是作明智的决定。
【参考解析】这两题答案为D,B。题目不难,关键是此句中的absolute,这里是否应该加上ly呢?
韦氏词典说,the absolute most important + n.=absolutely the most important + n.,换句话说,这仅是位置不同用词各异而已。这种用法主要用于美国英语:
That restaurant serves the absolute best Mexican food I’ve ever eaten.
=That restaurant serves absolutely the best Mexican food I’ve ever eaten. 那家餐馆做的墨西哥食物是我吃过的最正宗的。
4.【2018年北京卷・七选五】
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
【参考译文】动怒很难被认为是一种有益的性格特征,因此减少这种行为总不失一种明智之举。
【参考解析】正如动怒很难被认为是一种有益的性格特征,我们或许也很难认为and后的分句可以令人接受。如果说is advised的主语是Anger,那最后的it又该如何理解呢?从其不是该题的正确答案之一我们可以知道,这是个命题者自创的句子。建议改为:
Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and it's always advisable to reduce such a feeling. (www.yygrammar.com)
Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and to reduce it is always advisable.