这里所说的插入成分指的是在一个正常的句子中,置入一个其他成分,或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置(如宾语从句前置等),则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难(尤其是阅读能力不是很好的同学会更感困难)。请看:
1. His sister, as far as I know, ______ like to play music.
A. seems B. appears C. feels D. does
解析:答案选D,但A、B、C均可能被误选。as far as I know为插入语,去掉插入语后,我们可以判定like为动词,seem,appear和feel与动词like连用时中间要加to, 故排除A、B、C三项。此处选D,第三人称单数用does表示强调,题干意思为“据我所知,他姐姐确实喜欢演奏音乐”。
2. John plays football ______, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
解析:答案选B。此句的正常结构是这样的:John plays football as well as David, if he doesn’t play football better than David. 由于命题者将其后的状语从句移至句中,且将其省略成 if not better than,不少学生(尤其是一些阅读能力较差的学生)对这个句子的分析感到无从下手,从而导致误选。
3.―How long do you suppose it is______ he arrived here?
―About half an hour.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
解析:答案选D,但容易误选A。把do you suppose看作插入语,去掉后观察主句和从句的时态可以看出从句用的是一般过去时,而主语用的是一般现在时,所以只能用since引导时间状语从句。题干意思为“你认为他来到这里有多长时间了?”
4. A news report is usually short, except when it is about something very important, ______ it contains a lot of information.
A. and B. but C. then D. so
解析:答案选B,但容易选A或D。句中插入成分except when it is about something very important很容易干扰同学们的分析思路。去掉这部分,句意就非常明白了,前后存在转折关系,故用并列连词but。题干主干结构的意思为“新闻报道很短,但却包含了很多的信息”。
5. Everything he ______ away from him before he returned to his hometown.
A. took B. had been taken
C. had had been taken D. had taken
解析:答案选C,但容易误选B或D。句中的he had是定语从句,修饰everything。去掉后可以看出主句的谓语动词应用被动语态,题干意思为“在他回到家乡之前,他拥有的一切东西都被人剥夺了”,因主句的动作发生在时间状语从句的动作之前,主句谓语动词需用过去完成时态。
6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is you that she loves?
A. who B. which C. that D. what
解析:答案选C,但容易误选 A或B。选 A 者认为这是指人的,故用 who;选B者认为这是非限制性定语从句,两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词),其实此题应选C,它引导的是一个宾语从句,只是被其中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成 My dear friend, don’t you know that it is you that she loves?
7. That’s the best way he thought of _____ enough money.
A. get B. to get C. got D. getting
解析:答案选B,但容易误选D。句中的that he thought of 是修饰the best way 的定语从句,不定式 to get enough money 也是修饰 the best way 的定语,也就是说,句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。全句意为“那是他所想到的弄到足够钱的唯一办法”。
8. The teacher as well as his students ______ the Great Wall many times since last summer.
A. has visited B. have visited C. visit D. visited
解析:答案选A,但容易误选B。解题时可以把as well as his students看成插入成分,即此句的主语应该是the teacher,先可排除选项B和C;由句中的since…可知,此处应用现在完成时。
9. Would you care to wait here, sir, ______ the manager can see you?
A. when B. since C. until D. while
解析:答案选C,但其他几项均可能被误选。如果撇开句中的插入成分 sir,句子则为 Would you care to wait here ______ the manager can see you? 根据句意,显然应填 until。
10. Many students in our school, for example Jim, ______ such a prize.
A. have won B. has won C. to win D. winning
解析:答案选 A,但容易误选B。本题的for example Jim 为插入语,若去掉它,则可以看出句子的主语是many students,填空处缺少的是谓语,故选A。题干意思为“我们学校许多学生,例如吉姆,获得过此奖”。