通知是应用文中最常用文体之一，也是高考英语中最常考的书面表达题型之一。根据其表现形式，通知可分为口头通知和书面通知两种，且两者各有其特点。
一、口头通知
1. 掌握口头通知特点
口头通知即以口头的形式表达通知的内容，其特点是：用词较口语化，句子不会太复杂，通常只需用一段话讲清其内容即可。另外，口头通知的开头和结尾通常都有一定的固定套语，同学们也应特别注意。
2. 妥用口头通知呼语
口头通知的开头称呼语通常需根据听众的具体情况来确定，有时还要考虑其场合是否正式。如在比较正式且男女听众兼有的场合，通常用Ladies and gentlemen 来称呼听众，同时注意该表达的词序，不要想当然地将其倒过来，且一定要用复数。当然，若听众中只有男士，则只用Gentlemen；或者只有女士，则只用Ladies。但是，如果在非正式场合，则比较随便。对学生用的称呼语通常是Boys and girls。
3. 熟记口头通知套语
(1) 在用口头下达通知时，发通知者通常要将听通知人的注意力吸引过来，这类表达常见的有：
May I have your attention, please?
Attention please, everyone. I have an announcement to make.
Be quite. There is something important I have to tell you.
I have something (important) to tell you.
I’m glad to tell you something important.
(2) 其他用于口头通知的固定套语(如叫听者不要迟到、欢迎某人参加某活动等)：
Everyone is asked to be there on time.
Be sure not to be late.
Please be present on time.
Please take your notebooks with you and be sure on time.
Those who are interested in it are warmly welcome.
(3) 口头通知的结束套语主要有：
That’s all. Thank you very much.
4. 牢记口头通知时态
口头通知是要告诉大家即将进行的活动，因此要以一般将来时为主。如：
We will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.
We’ll have a meeting about it after the sixth class.
There will be an English film in our school tonight.
The match will be put off to next week.
We are going to hold a meeting to discuss the problem.
5. 口头通知实战演练
假如你是班长，根据下面的内容和提示，写一篇100左右的口头通知，以便向同学们宣布。
事由：欢迎澳大利亚学生来校参观。
参观时间：6月15日上午9:00-12:00.
参观人数：约60人。
活动安排：1. 8:30在校门口。
2. 9:00带客人到会议室开联欢会。
3. 领客人参观植物园、校办工厂。
4. 11:00在操场进行篮球比赛。
5. 客人12:00离校。
注意事项：1. 对客人要友好。
2. 要用英语交谈。
写作示范：
Boys and girls,
May I have your attention, please? About sixty Australian students will come to visit our school on June 15. We’ll meet them at the school gate at 8:30. We’ll take them to the meeting-room, where a get-together will be held. After that, we’ll show them around our botanical garden and the school-run factory. At11:00 there will be a basketball match on the playground. They’ll leave our school at 12:00.
Please be friendly to them. We must talk with them in English.
That’s all. Thank you.(www.yygrammar.com)
二、书面通知
1. 掌握书面通知特点
书面头通知即以书面的形式表达通知的内容，其特点是：措辞较严谨，句子结构相对口头通知会更复杂，尤其会使用一些非谓语动词短语(如用不定式表目的等)和从句(如if 从句、when从句、so that从句等)。
2. 熟记书面通知格式
与口头通知不同，书面通知在用书面形式表达出来时，它有自己比较固定的格式：如通知开头要有标题(通常为Notice或Announcement)，标题下面是正文，正文后通常还应有发通知的单位(通常写在右下角)和写发通知的日期(通常写在左下角)等。
3. 注意与口头通的区别
口头通知一般有开头称呼语(Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls等)，而书面通知通常不用这些开头称呼语；口头通知用来吸引听众注意力的句子(如May I have your attention, please? / Attention please, everyone. I have an announcement to make. / Be quite. There is something important I have to tell you.等)在书面通知中通常不可以用；口头通知的结束套语(That’s all. Thank you very much.)在书面通知中也不会使用。
4. 熟记书面通知套语
尽管书面通知与口头通知有很多表达套语不一样，但有些表达(如叫听者不要迟到、欢迎某人参加某活动等方面的套语)是可以通用的，不过有时可能在措辞方面会有所不同(书面通知措辞可能会略正式些)。如：
口头通知：Everyone should be there on time.
Be sure not to be late.
Please be present on time.
书面通知：Everyone is required to be present on time.
口头通知：Be sure to attend it on time.
书面通知：Everybody is expected to attend it on time.
另外，书面通知的以下套语也需注意：
All teachers and students are required to…(全体师生务必要……)
Notice is hereby given that…(兹通知……)
Our school / The Student Union will / is going to hold…
A lecture will be given at 7:00 this evening in…
4. 牢记书面语通知时态
与口头通知一样，书面通知也以一般将来时为主。如：
The students of Senior Grade One will go to
We will climb up the hill and have a picnic on the top of it.
After that we will visit the famous botanical garden nearby.
On July 22, Saturday, we will visit the following places ― a school or a hospital.
We will be divided into four groups and each group can visit one of the places.
5. 书面通知实战演练：
请根据提示写一份通知。
(1) 高二(5)在本周五晚上要开个英语晚会。
(2) 晚饭后6:30在教室集合，晚会7:00开始。
(3) 每个同学都要表演一个节目，内容不限。
(4) 欢迎老师和全班同学参加。
(5) 出通知的时间是
NOTICE
An English evening party will be held on Friday Evening. Every one of our class is requested to be in the classroom at 6:30 after supper. The party will begin at 7:00 P.M. Each of the students should perform during the evening party. You may tell a story, sing a song, make a speech or read a poem and so on. All the teachers and students are welcome to attend our English evening.
Everybody is expected to attend it on time.(www.yygrammar.com)
Class 5, Grade Two March 15, 2005
（编辑 陈根花）