■现在完成进行时的用法

(1) 基本用法：现在完成进行时由“have / has been +现在分词”构成。它主要表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作，强调动作现在依然在进行，并有可能继续延续下去。如：

I’ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up. 我等了1小时了，可他还没来。

I’ m so sorry I’ m late. Have you been waiting long? 真对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吗?

现在完成进行时常常用于抱怨。如：

This room stinks. Someone’s been smoking in here. 这间屋子空气不好，有人在这儿抽烟了。

(2) 与现在完成时的比较：在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时，如expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等。如：

你学习英语多久了?

正：How long have yon learnt English?

正：How long have you been learning English?

他已经睡了十个小时了。

正：He has slept for ten hours.

正：He has been sleeping for ten hours.

■过去完成进行时的用法

(1) 基本用法：过去完成进行时由“had been +现在分词构成”，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间的动作，这个动作在当时仍在进行并可能继续延续下去。如：

I woke up―l had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了个噩梦。

She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day. 她很累了。她整天都在打信件。

Jenny was annoyed. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week. 詹妮生气了。整整一星期，吉姆天天晚上都给她打电话。

(2) 与when连用：和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时亦可后接具有“突然”意义的when从句(此从句用过去一般时)。如：

I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了。

(3) 一点说明：凡不能用于进行时的动词均不能有这种时态，但动词want (有时还有wish) 除外。如：

The boy was delighted with his new knife. He had been wanting one for a long time. 男孩对新小刀很高兴。他早就想要一把了。