你会成为网络诈骗的受害者吗？
Could you be a victim of online fraud?
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
大家好。这里是BBC教学英语的《六分钟英语》节目。我是尼尔。
And I'm Georgina.
我是乔治娜。
Are you good at remembering your computer passwords, Georgina?
你擅长记住你的电脑密码吗，乔治娜？
Um, not really, Neil.
嗯，真的不擅长，尼尔。
I mostly use something easy to remember,
我通常用容易记住的东西，
like my mother's maiden name or the street where I was born.
比如我母亲的娘家姓或者我出生的街道。
Or the name of your first pet!
或者是你第一只宠物的名字！
Yes, me too - but we should be more careful about online security, Georgina,
是的，我也是——但是我们应该对网络安全更加小心，乔治娜，
because of a worrying trend, and the topic of this programme – online fraud.
那是因为一个令人担忧的趋势，以及这个节目的主题——网络诈骗。
Online fraud involves using the internet to trick someone into giving away their money or data.
网络诈骗包括利用网络欺骗某人交出他们的钱或数据。
It takes many forms,
它形式多样，
from deceptive emails which trick us into paying money to the wrong bank account,
从欺骗性的电子邮件，欺骗我们把钱付到错误的银行账户，
to the theft of credit card details.
到盗窃信用卡详细信息。
It's regarded by some as a highly profitable and relatively low-risk crime,
有些人认为这是一种利润高但风险相对低的犯罪，
so in this programme we'll be finding out why it's so easy for criminals, or fraudsters, to steal our money.
所以在本期节目中，我们就来看看为什么犯罪分子或诈骗者这么容易偷到我们的钱。
And of course, we'll be learning some related vocabulary along the way.
当然，在这个过程中我们也将学习一些相关的词汇。
But first, it's time for our quiz question.
但首先是我们的测试问题。
In July 2020, nine British men were arrested for defrauding the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme
2020年7月，9名英国男子因涉嫌骗取冠状病毒工作岗位保留计划而被捕。
– a government fund for workers who've lost their job to Covid-19.
该计划是为因新冠肺炎而失去工作的工人提供的一项政府基金。
They set up fake companies and applied, fraudulently, for money.
他们成立假公司，以欺诈的方式申请那笔钱。
But how much money has been claimed in total through the coronavirus job scheme in the UK?
但是在英国，冠状病毒工作岗位保留计划总共被索取了多少钱？
Is it: a) 17 billion pounds, b) 27 billion pounds, or c) 37 billion pounds?
是a) 170亿英镑，b) 270亿英镑，还是c) 370亿英镑？
Hmm, it must be a lot, so I'll say a) 17 billion pounds.
嗯，肯定很多，所以我选a) 170亿英镑。
OK, Georgina, we'll find out later.
好的，乔治娜，我们稍后将揭晓答案。
Now, Rachel Tobac, CEO of Social Proof Security, is an expert in cyber crime.
“社会安全证明”公司的首席执行官雷切尔·特贝卡是网络犯罪方面的专家。
She describes herself as an 'ethical fraudster'.
她形容自己是一个“道德骗子”。
Businesses wanting to combat fraud employ her to hack into their computer systems to find their weak spots.
想要打击欺诈的企业雇佣她侵入对方的计算机系统以发现他们的弱点。
Here, Rachel explains to BBC World Service programme, The Inquiry,
在这里，雷切尔向BBC全球服务节目《探究》解释了
how getting people's information is the key to online fraud:
如何获取人们的信息是网络欺诈的关键：
The reason why we're able to do that, from an attacker mindset,
从攻击者的思想倾向来看，我们之所以能够做到这一点，
is because we use what's called OSINT – open source intelligence.
是因为我们使用了所谓的开源情报（简称OSINT）。
We look up everything about you.
我们能查找到有关你的所有信息。
We can figure out who your assistant is, who your accountant is on LinkedIn.
我们可以知道你的助理是谁，你在领英上的会计是谁。
We know what emails you use from screen shots that you've put on your Instagram…
我们从你在Instagram上的截图知道你使用了什么邮件……
Rachel looks at fraud from a criminal's mindset
雷切尔从罪犯的思想倾向来看待诈骗，
- someone's way of thinking and the general attitudes and opinions they have about something.
思想倾向是人们的思维方式以及他们对某件事的总体态度和观点。
From a fraudster's perspective, the most valuable thing is intelligence
从诈骗者的角度来看，最有价值的东西是情报
- secret information about a government or country,
——关于政府或国家的秘密信息，
or in this case a person, such as the information people unwittingly post on social media.
或者在这种情况下是指一个人的秘密信息，比如人们不经意间发布在社交媒体上的信息。
Fraudsters use this intelligence to build up a picture of someone's online activity.
诈骗者利用这种情报来建构某人线上活动的画面。
And as BBC World Service The Inquiry presenter, Charmaine Cozier, explains,
正如BBC全球服务节目《探究》的主持人查尔曼·科齐尔解释的那样，
there are many ways of doing this:
有很多方法可以做到这一点：
Fraudsters have thousands of cover stories,
诈骗者有成千上万的隐藏故事，
but the end goal is always the same – to trick people out of cash or possessions.
但最终目标始终是相同的——骗走人们的现金或财产。
Rachel says they have options for how to do that.
雷切尔说，诈骗者可以选择如何实现他们的目标。
Login details stolen during a data breach from one company, often using software or viruses called malware,
一家公司在数据泄露过程中被盗的登录信息，通常是通过使用一种叫做恶意程序的软件或病毒，
are used to infiltrate customer accounts at another.
被用来侵入另一家公司的客户账户。
To access people's data, fraudsters use cover stories – false stories told in order to hide the truth.
为了获取人们的数据，欺诈者会使用隐藏故事——为了掩盖真相而编造的虚假故事。
For example, they may pretend to be calling from your bank or credit card company.
例如，他们可能假装银行或信用卡公司给你打电话。
If people believe these cover stories and share personal data, this can result in a data breach
如果人们相信这些隐藏故事并分享个人资料，这就可能导致数据泄露
- an occasion when private information can be seen by people who should not be able to see it.
——在这种时候，不应该看到保密信息的人会看到这些信息。
Malware - computer software and viruses that are designed to damage the way a computer works
恶意软件——旨在破坏电脑工作方式的电脑软件和病毒
– can also be used to gain login details and passwords…
——也可以被用来获取详细登录信息和密码。
…data which is then used to infiltrate other online accounts
然后这些数据会被用来侵入其它在线账户
- secretly enter a place, group or organisation in order to spy on it or influence it.
——秘密进入一个地方、团体或者组织，以便对其进行监视或干扰。
Modern fraudsters are so devious at collecting online information
现代的诈骗者在收集网上信息方面如此狡猾，
that many victims only realise what's happened after their bank accounts have been emptied.
以至于许多受害者在自己的银行账户被清空后才意识到发生了什么。
Which I guess was the mindset behind those British fraudsters you mentioned earlier, Neil.
我猜那就是你之前提到的那些英国诈骗者背后的思想倾向，尼尔。
Ah yes, the nine men who tried to defraud the Coronavirus Jobs Retention Scheme.
啊，是的，试图诈骗冠状病毒工作保留计划的那9名男子。
Remember for my quiz question I asked you how much the scheme has paid out in total so far in the UK.
还记得我的测验问题吗？我问你，到目前为止，这个计划在英国总共花了多少钱。
I said, a) 17 billion pounds.
我说是a) 170亿英镑。
Well, in fact it's even more – the correct answer is b) 27 billion pounds.
好吧，事实上，它甚至更多——正确答案是b) 270亿英镑。
Luckily, the 495 thousand pounds which these fraudsters tried to steal was recovered.
幸运的是，诈骗者试图盗取的49.5万英镑被追回了。
Even so, Neil, I think I'm going to change my passwords soon!
即便如此，尼尔，我想我还是要尽快更改我的密码！
Better safe than sorry!
宁可事先谨慎有余，不要事后追悔莫及！
Good idea, Georgina.
好主意，乔治娜。
In this programme, we've been hearing about the rise in online fraud,
在本期节目中，我们一直听到网络诈骗在增加，
often committed when fraudsters gain intelligence
网络诈骗通常在诈骗者获取情报时发生，
- secret information about a person posted on the internet.
那是指个人被发布在互联网上的秘密信息。
These criminals' mindset – or mentality, is to surreptitiously find information by creating a cover story
这些罪犯的思想倾向——或者心态就是通过编造一个隐藏故事来秘密地寻找信息，
- a false story someone tells in order to hide the truth.
隐藏故事是指为了掩盖真相而编造的虚假故事。
By posing as a clerk from your bank, for example,
例如，通过冒充银行职员，
they might be able to access sensitive private information which they should not be able to see
他们可能会获得他们本不应该看到的敏感私人信息
– an event sometimes called a data breach.
——这种事件有时被称为数据泄露。
Another way fraudsters infiltrate – or gain access secretly, without permission - is with the use of malware
欺诈者侵入——或者未经允许秘密进入——的另一种方式是使用恶意软件
– computer software and viruses designed to damage the way a computer works.
——旨在破坏计算机工作方式的计算机软件和病毒。
If you want to find out more about keeping yourself safe from online fraud,
如果你想了解更多关于保护自己免受网络诈骗的信息，
search the BBC website using the term, 'cyber security'.
可以在BBC网站上搜索“网络安全”这个词。
And if you like topical discussion and want to learn how to use the vocabulary found in headlines,
如果你喜欢话题讨论并想学习如何使用标题中的词汇，
why not check out our News Review podcast?
为什么不看看我们的新闻评论播客呢？
We also have a free app you can download for Android and iOS.
我们也有一个免费的应用软件，你可以下载安卓版本和iOS版本。
And for more trending topics and real-life vocabulary,
想了解更多的热门话题和现实生活中的词汇，
look no further than 6 Minute English, from BBC Learning English.
那就收听BBC教学英语的《六分钟英语》。
See you next time. Bye!
下次见。拜！
Goodbye!
再见！