旅游业有害吗？
Is tourism harmful?
Hello. This is 6 Minute English and I'm Rob.
大家好。这里是六分钟英语，我是罗伯。
This is the programme where in just six minutes we discuss an interesting topic and teach some related English vocabulary.
在这个节目中我们将在六分钟的时间里讨论一个有趣的话题，并教授一些相关的英语词汇。
Well, joining me to do this is Sam.
和我搭档的是萨姆。
Hello!
大家好！
So what’s our interesting topic today, Rob?
所以我们今天有趣的话题是什么，罗伯？
Something close to our hearts, Sam – it's travel.
贴近我们内心的东西，萨姆——是旅行。
Great!
太棒了！
But more and more of us are travelling to explore the world.
但是越来越多的人去探索世界。
Many of us have more leisure time, and the cost of travelling has become relatively cheaper.
我们中的许多人有了更多的休闲时间，旅行的成本也变得相对便宜。
But here lies the problem.
但问题就在这儿。
The places we’re visiting are becoming more crowded, sometimes spoiling the atmosphere and the beauty – the things we came to see in the first place!
我们要去的地方变得越来越拥挤，有时会破坏气氛和美景——那是我们首先要看到的事物！
This is why we’re going to be discussing how some cities around the world are putting restrictions on the tourists who visit.
这就是为什么我们要讨论世界上一些城市是如何限制参观游客的。
But that’s after I challenge you to answer this question, Sam! Are you ready?
但那是在我挑战你回答这个问题之后，萨姆！你准备好了吗？
Bring it on, Rob!
来吧，罗伯！
According to Mastercard’s Global Destination Cities Index, what was the most visited city in 2018?
根据万事达卡全球旅游目的地城市指数，2018年游客游览最多的城市是哪个？
Was it… a) London, b) New York, or c) Bangkok?
是a)伦敦，b)纽约，还是c)曼谷？
All great places to visit – but I think I’ll stay close to home and say a) London.
都是很棒的游览之地，但我想我会待在离家很近的地方，选a)伦敦。
OK. Well, as always I will reveal the answer later in the programme.
好的。和往常一样，稍后我将在节目中揭晓答案。
Now, let’s start our journey in Italy’s capital city, Rome.
现在，让我们从意大利首都罗马开始我们的旅程。
Famous for its Colosseum, Trevi Fountain and many other things.
它以罗马竞技场、特雷维喷泉和其它许多事物而闻名。
Lots of people are visiting, Rob – and locals and tourists have differing attitudes towards the way they respect these beautiful and historic sites.
很多人都在旅游，罗伯，而且当地人和游客尊重这些美丽的历史遗迹的方式有所不同。
Respect here is a verb, to mean treat something with care.
“Respect”在这里是动词，意思是小心对待某事物。
Well, the authorities in the city fear that some tourists are showing disrespect to the city and have introduced laws to clampdown on certain behaviour.
好吧，城市政府部门担心一些游客对城市表现出不尊重，并且已经出台法律来限制某些行为。
Clampdown means officially trying to stop or limit people doing something.
“Clampdown”指的是官方地试图阻止或限制人们做某事。
Sabina Castelfranco is a journalist in the city.
萨拜娜·卡斯特尔弗兰科是该城市的一名记者。
She told BBC Radio 4’s You and Yours programme why new restrictions have been introduced…
她告诉BBC广播4频道的You and Yours节目为什么会出台新的限制……
The new rules are really to make sure that tourists do not misbehave when they are visiting tourist attractions in Rome.
新规定是为了确保游客在游览罗马旅游景点时不会行为不端。
Romans don't like to see tourists walking around bare-chested, they don't like to see them wading in their fountains.
罗马人不喜欢看到游客袒胸露背四处走动，他们不喜欢看到游客在喷泉里蹚水。
So really the objective is to improve the life of the city for residents and for tourists themselves.
所以真正的目的是改善城市居民和游客自己的生活。
So, the new rules are to stop tourists misbehaving – that’s doing bad or inappropriate things.
所以，新规定是为了阻止游客行为不端，即做不好或不合适的事情。
I’m sure not all visitors misbehave
我确定不是所有的游客都行为不端，
– but those who have been, have been wading – that’s walking through water – in the famous fountains and men have not been covering up the top half of their bodies – so, going bare-chested.
而是那些曾在著名的喷泉里趟水的人——那是说从水里走过，以及那些没有遮住上半身的人——所以是说袒胸露背。
Not any more, Sam!
再也不会这样了，萨姆！
These new laws have banned this with the objective of improving the life for the people of Rome – the Romans.
这些新法律禁止这样做，其目的是改善罗马的人们——罗马人的生活。
An objective is a plan or aim to achieve something.
“目的”是为达成某事的计划或目标。
Other laws introduced in Rome, with the objective of improving the city,
为改善城市环境，罗马还出台了其它法律，
include giving out severe fines to people who drop litter and to those who attach ‘love padlocks’ to historic monuments.
包括对乱扔垃圾的人和在历史遗迹上挂“爱情挂锁”的人处以重罚。
Well, I guess if it makes the city a nicer place to visit for everyone, then it’s a good idea.
好吧，我想如果它能让这个城市成为一个对大家来说更棒的游览之地，那它是个好主意。
Well, let’s talk about another historic old city – Bruges in Belgium.
让我们来谈谈另一个历史悠久的城市——比利时的布鲁日。
The old and narrow streets are often packed with sightseers – so restrictions have been introduced there.
悠久而狭窄的街道上常常挤满了观光客，所以那里实行了限制。
Helen Coffey, deputy travel editor for the Independent newspaper, also spoke to the You and Yours programme, to explain what is going on…
《独立报》的旅游副编辑海伦·科菲也接受了You and Yours节目的采访，解释了目前的情况。
Bruges was the latest city to say we're going to introduce new regulations to crack down on what they called the Disneyfication of their city.
布鲁日是最新一个表示自己即将出台新规来限制所谓的迪士尼化的城市。
A really key one is they're going to cap the number of cruises that can dock, and actually this a big one that lots of cities do.
一个非常关键的问题是，他们将限制可停靠的游轮数量，实际上，很多城市都在这么做。
They basically don't like cruise visitors because cruise visitors don't spend money.
本质上来说他们不喜欢游轮游客，因为游轮游客不花钱。
So Helen mentioned a crackdown – which like clampdown – means taking action to restrict or stop certain activities.
所以海伦提到了打击——就像限制——那指的是采取行动限制或叫停某些活动。
And Bruges wants to crack down on the Disneyfication of the city.
布鲁日想要打击这座城市的迪士尼化。
This term describes turning something into an artificial, not real, commercial environment, similar to a Walt Disney theme park.
这个词描述的是把某事物变成一个人造的，不真实的商业环境，类似于迪士尼主题公园。
I’m not sure it’s that similar yet, but one way to maintain the authentic feel of the city is to cap the number of cruises that can dock.
我还不确定它是否相似，但保持城市真实感的一种方法是限制可停靠的游轮数量。
Cap means restrict or limit.
“Cap”指的是约束或限制。
It’s felt that visitors who come by cruise ship, don’t stay overnight and therefore don’t bring much money into the city.
有一种感觉，坐游轮来的游客不会在这里过夜，因此不会给这座城市带来多少钱。
The message from the city authorities is ‘stay overnight or don’t come!’
该城市政府部门发出的信息是——要么在这里过夜，要么不要来！
Well, one city that has people visiting for the day or staying longer is the most visited city in the world – but where is that, Sam?
好的，有一个城市是世界上游客游览最多的城市，游客在那里停留一天或更长时间，但那是在哪里，萨姆？
Earlier I asked you what the most visited city in 2018 was?
之前我问你2018年游客游览最多的城市是哪个？
Was it… a) London b) New York, or c) Bangkok?
是a)伦敦，b)纽约，还是c)曼谷？
And I said London.
我说是伦敦。
That was in second place.
那是游客游览第二多的地方。
The most visited city last year was Bangkok, in Thailand.
去年游客最多的城市是泰国的曼谷。
OK, Rob. Well, maybe what I can get right is a recap of today’s vocabulary.
好的，罗伯。也许我能做对的是回顾一下今天的词汇。
Starting with respect. If you respect something you treat it with care.
从“尊重”开始。如果你尊重某事物，你就会小心对待它。
We also discussed clampdown, which means officially trying to stop or limit people doing something.
我们还讨论了“限制”，那指的是官方地试图阻止或限制人们做某事。
Crackdown is a similar phrase.
“打击”是相似的短语。
To misbehave is to do something bad or inappropriate.
“行为不端”是指做了不好或不合适的事情。
And an objective is a plan or aim to achieve something.
而“目的”是实现某事的一个计划或目标。
Our next word is Disneyfication - a term that describes turning something into an artificial, not real, commercial environment, similar to a Walt Disney theme park.
我们下一个单词是“迪士尼化”，这个词描述的是把某事物变成一个人造的，不真实的商业环境，类似于迪士尼主题公园。
And finally we had cap – which means restrict or limit.
最后我们学了“cap”，意思是约束或限制。
Well, we’ve had to cap this programme at 6 minutes – and we’re out of time.
好的，我们不得不把这个节目的时间限制在6分钟，我们没时间了。
Goodbye!
再见了！
Bye bye!
拜拜！