美国选举竟找来黑客帮忙
Hacking help for US elections
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Rob.
大家好。这里是BBC教学英语的《六分钟英语》节目。我是罗伯。
And I'm Sam.
我是萨姆。
When it comes to US presidential elections, some are more dramatic than others.
谈到美国总统选举，其中有些比其它选举更具戏剧性。
But few elections have been as controversial as this November's contest between current President Trump and his Democratic rival, Joe Biden.
但是很少有选举像现任总统特朗普和他的民主党对手乔·拜登在今年11月的竞选那样具有争议性。
In America, where many votes are cast digitally,
在美国，很多投票都是数字化的，
there is a risk of cyber-attacks on election day,
选举日有遭受网络攻击的风险，
and with so much depending on the result, US election officials are worried.
而且由于很多事情都取决于选举结果，美国选举官员很担心。
In this programme we'll be hearing about plans to prevent election cyber-attacks
在本期节目中，我们将听到关于预防选举网络攻击的计划，
which involve election officials working with a very unusual group of people: volunteer hackers.
在该计划中，选举官员会与一群不寻常的人合作：黑客志愿者。
Volunteers are people who work willingly, without being paid…
志愿者是自愿工作，不拿报酬的人……
And hackers are people who break into computer systems without permission in order to find information or do something illegal.
而黑客是指未经允许侵入计算机系统以查找信息或做非法之事的人。
But cyber-attacks from hackers are not the only threat to fair and democratic elections.
但是来自黑客的网络攻击并不是对公平民主选举的唯一威胁。
In 2000 the presidential race between Al Gore and George W. Bush ended in recounts and disputes over missing votes.
2000年，阿尔·戈尔和乔治·沃克·布什之间的总统竞选以重新计票和对部分选票丢失的争论告终。
George Bush became the first modern president to win the election,
乔治·布什成为第一位赢得大选的现代总统，
despite gaining fewer popular votes than his opponent – but how many fewer?
尽管他的普选票数比其对手少——但是少了多少票呢？
That's our quiz question.
那就是我们的测试问题。
How many fewer votes did Bush win than Gore in the 2000 American presidential election?
在2000年美国总统大选中，布什比戈尔少赢得多少选票？
Was it: a) half a million votes, b) a million votes, or c) two million votes?
是：a) 50万票，b)100万票，还是c) 200万票？
I'll say b) a million votes.
我选b)100万票。
OK, we'll find out later.
好的，我们稍后将揭晓答案。
Now, the project Sam mentioned, where official administrators team up with expert volunteers to keep the election secure,
在萨姆提到的项目中，官方管理人员与专家志愿者会合作来保证选举安全，
is called The Election Cyber Surge.
这个项目被称为“The Election Cyber Surge”。
BBC World Service programme Digital Planet met up with project organiser Maya Worman
BBC全球服务节目“Digital Planet”采访了项目组织者玛雅·沃曼，
to discuss the importance of keeping the election free from interference.
来讨论保持选举不受干扰的重要性。
Any attempt to manipulate or interfere with election infrastructures
任何操纵或干扰选举基础设施的企图
– the machines or the information sets that determine who is eligible to vote and where
——选举基础设施是决定谁有资格投票以及在何处投票的机器或信息集
– undermines the right to vote.
——都会损害投票权。
And it puts burdens on voters and it impacts public confidence;
而且它会给选民带来负担，影响公信力；
and you know high-profile elections, especially like the one coming up, heighten the types of risks that we're talking about.
而且备受瞩目的选举，尤其是像即将到来的这次选举，会使我们正在谈论的风险类型增加。
You can only vote in an election if you are eligible – qualified by having the necessary requirements,
你只有在有资格的情况下才能在选举中投票——那是指符合必要的条件而有资格，
for example being a US citizen who's aged 18 or over.
例如作为年龄为18岁或以上的美国公民。
It's up to each of the eight thousand local jurisdictions around the United States to keep their area free from cyber-attacks and misinformation
美国8000个地方管辖权都要保证自己的地区不受网络攻击和虚假信息的影响
- risks which have increased because the coming election is so high-profile
由于即将到来的选举如此备受瞩目，这一风险已经增加，
- attracting a lot of attention and interest from newspapers and the public.
备受瞩目是指吸引了报纸和公众的大量关注和兴趣。
The Cyber Surge project to put expert volunteers in touch with local officials aims to prevent these risks.
让专家志愿者与当地官员保持联系的“网络浪潮“项目旨在预防这些风险。
It covers everything from making sure administrators are using the latest anti-virus software to more serious threats from troublemakers.
它涵盖了从确保管理员使用最新的杀毒软件到捣乱者带来的更严重威胁的方方面面。
Now that’s got me thinking actually, Rob.
那让我开始思考了，罗伯。
Suppose I’m a troublemaker who wants to influence the election result,
假设我是一个想要影响选举结果的捣乱者，
so I sign up as a volunteer and gain access to all kinds of information.
所以我报名成为一名志愿者，那样我就可以获得各种信息。
How do we know that the volunteers who sign up are trustworthy?
我们怎么知道报名的志愿者值得信任？
That’s a good question, Sam,
萨姆，这个问题问得好。
and one that BBC World Service programme, Digital Planet, put to Maya Worman.
BBC全球服务节目“Digital Planet”也向玛雅·沃曼提出了这个问题。
The expectation is not that the volunteer will have the keys to the castle by any means,
我们的预期并不是让志愿者以任何方式了解到一些信息，
more that they will have an open dialogue with an election administrator
更多的是让他们与选举管理者进行公开对话，
who wants to know more to explore cybersecurity enhancements in general or specifically.
选举管理者希望了解更多信息来全面或具体地探索网络安全的加强。
Volunteers are carefully selected according to their experience and skills in cybersecurity
志愿者是根据他们在网络安全方面的经验和技能精心挑选出来的。
- measures that help organisations and countries keep their computer information safe against crimes and attacks carried out through the internet.
网络安全是指帮助组织和国家保护其计算机信息的安全，防止通过互联网进行犯罪和攻击的措施。
Volunteers share their expert advice by talking with election officials.
志愿者通过与选举官员交谈来分享自己的专家意见。
They won't be given access to sensitive information, so they won't have the keys to the castle
他们不会被允许访问敏感信息，所以他们不会了解到某些信息，
– an idiom meaning to possess information or knowledge which gives the possessor access to power.
这个习语是指掌握信息或知识，让拥有者获得权力。
All of which means that the 2020 election result will, hopefully, be accepted by everyone.
所有这一切都意味着2020年的选举结果将有望被所有人接受。
Unlike the situation twenty years ago.
不像20年前的情况。
Ah, you mean our quiz question, Rob,
啊，你是说我们的测试问题，罗伯，
about the 2000 US presidential election which George W. Bush won despite securing fewer votes than his opponent.
它是关于2000年美国总统大选，当时乔治·沃克·布什获胜，尽管他的选票比对手少。
I asked you how many fewer votes Bush won than Al Gore that year.
我问你那年布什比戈尔少赢了多少票。
And I said b) a million votes.
我说是b)100万票。
But in fact, it was even closer – just a) half a million votes in Florida.
但事实上，票数差距更小——是a) 佛罗里达州只差50万票。
In this programme we've been looking ahead to the US presidential elections and its cybersecurity
在本期节目中，我们一直在关注美国总统选举以及其网络安全问题
– measures taken to protect countries and their computer information against online crimes and attacks.
——为保护各国及其计算机信息免受网络犯罪和攻击而采取的措施。
The Cyber Surge project aims to put officials in touch with volunteers
“网络浪潮”项目旨在让政府官员与志愿者保持联系，
– people who work for free, who also happen to be expert hackers
志愿者是免费工作的人，他们恰巧也是黑客专家，
– people who break into computer systems without permission.
黑客是指未经允许就侵入计算机系统的人。
But the idea isn't to commit election crime
但这个想法并不是为了选举犯罪，
– rather to prevent it by making sure only those who are eligible – or qualified - to vote, do so.
而是通过确保符合条件的人或有资格的人投票来防止选举犯罪。
The project was set up because the November 2020 election has become so high-profile
这个项目的设立是因为2020年11月份的大选变得如此备受瞩目
- attracting a lot of attention and interest from the public and the media.
——吸引了公众和媒体的大量关注和兴趣。
And of course the volunteers themselves are carefully chosen to be impartial experts
当然，志愿者本身是经过精心挑选的公正专家，
who give advice without holding the keys to the castle
他们不会了解到某些信息
– an idiom about possessing information which gives access to power.
——这个习语是指掌握信息，让拥有者获得权力。
What’s certain is that the world will be watching this election,
可以肯定的是，全世界都将关注这次选举，
so if you’re eligible, remember to vote.
所以如果你有资格，请记得投票。
And remember to join us again soon.
而且记得下次收听我们啊。
Bye for now!
再见了！
Bye bye!
拜拜！