运动能战胜贫穷吗？
Sport against poverty
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.
大家好。这里是BBC教学英语的《六分钟英语》。我是尼尔。
And I'm Sam.
我是萨姆。
We all know that sport is great for our health - and if you're talented it can make you rich.
我们都知道运动对我们的健康有好处——而且如果你有天赋，它可以让你变得富有。
Many great champions have found a way out of poverty through their sporting ability
许多伟大的冠军都通过自己的运动才能找到了摆脱贫穷的方法
– think of someone like footballer Maradona.
——想想像足球运动员马拉多纳这样的人。
But in today's programme we're not looking at the superstars.
但在今天的节目中，我们不关注超级明星。
Instead we'll discuss how sport can change the lives of young people from some of the poorest, toughest backgrounds on earth.
相反，我们将讨论运动如何改变地球上最贫穷、最艰苦的年轻人的生活。
And of course, we'll be learning some new vocabulary on the way.
当然，在这个过程中我们还会学习一些新词汇。
Many projects around the world use sports to change children's' lives
世界各地的许多项目利用运动来改变孩子们的生活
- improving mental health, challenging stereotypes and giving hope.
——改善心理健康，挑战刻板印象并给予希望。
Among them is the Ebony Club in Brixton which uses sport to help young people in London's most disadvantaged communities – but which sport?
布里克斯顿的乌木俱乐部就是项目之一，它利用运动来帮助伦敦最贫困社区的年轻人——但那是哪项运动？
That's my quiz question.
那就是我的测试问题。
Is it: a) golf, b) tennis, or c) horse riding?
它是：a)高尔夫，b)网球，还是c)骑马？
Well, I can't imagine there's enough space for golf and horse riding in the city, so I'll say b) tennis.
好吧，我想象不出城市里能有足够的空间打高尔夫球和骑马，所以我选b)网球。
OK, we'll find out the answer later.
好的，稍后我们将揭晓答案。
Just now we were talking about London,
刚才我们在谈论伦敦，
but sporting projects like the Ebony Club are happening all over the world.
但是像乌木俱乐部这样的运动项目正在世界各地进行。
In Cape Town, South Africa, British surfer Tim Conibear noticed how kids from poor townships hardly ever went to the beach.
在南非的开普敦，英国冲浪者蒂姆·科尼贝尔注意到，来自贫困城镇的孩子几乎没去过海滩。
So he started giving them free surfing lessons.
所以他开始给他们上免费的冲浪课。
Tim founded the 'Waves for Changes' project and now hundreds of kids go along each week to get "surfing therapy".
蒂姆创立了“Waves for Changes”项目，现在每周有数百名孩子接受“冲浪治疗”。
Not only is surfing giving them a buzz, it's helping to improve their life chances.
冲浪不仅让他们兴奋，还有助于改善他们的生活机会。
Here he is talking to the BBC World Service programme People Fixing the World:
这是他在BBC全球服务节目People Fixing the World中谈到的：
Surfing also is quite difficult so you're learning a very challenging skill which takes a lot of confidence.
冲浪也相当困难，所以你是在学习一项非常有挑战性的技能，那需要很大的信心。
Very small successes which children have when they go into the water elicit a really big emotional response.
当孩子们下水时，他们就取得了非常小的成功，那会引起强烈的情感反应。
If you come from a background of trauma quite often you'll have a negative self-image,
如果你经常经历创伤，你的自我形象会很消极，
and being able to try something new, achieve something new,
能够尝试新事物，取得新成就，
be recognised by a coach or a mentor is very very good for your confidence as well.
得到教练或指导者的认可也非常非常有助于你建立自信。
Most of the surfers have experienced trauma – emotional pain and shock caused by very distressing experiences.
大多数冲浪者都经历过创伤——非常痛苦的经历所造成的情感痛苦和感情上的打击。
This has given them a negative self-image – the way a person feels about themselves, their ability, personality and value.
这让他们有了消极的自我形象——人们对自己能力、个性和价值的看法。
Surfing helps kids improve their self-image because it's challenging
冲浪可以帮助孩子提升自我形象，因为那具有挑战性
- difficult in a way that tests your ability and determination.
——在某种程度上很困难，会考验你的能力和决心。
So challenging, in fact, that the children have a mentor
事实上，冲浪如此具有挑战性以至于孩子们要有一个指导者
– a trusted advisor who gives help and support to a younger or less experienced person.
——一个可信赖的指导老师，他为较年轻或缺乏经验的人提供帮助和支持。
Tim believes that the concentration needed to surf makes the children's other problems disappear - at least for a short time.
蒂姆认为，冲浪所需的注意力可以让孩子们的其它问题消失——至少在短时间内消失。
And the results so far have been optimistic,
到目前为止，结果还算乐观，
with a significant reduction in violent behaviour reported among Cape Town's young surfers.
据报道，开普敦年轻冲浪者的暴力行为显著减少。
Surfing is quite well-known in South Africa.
冲浪在南非很有名。
But what happens when you take a completely unknown sport into one of the least developed countries on earth?
但是，当你把一项完全不为人知的运动带到地球上最不发达国家之一时会发生什么呢？
In 2007, Australian Oliver Percovich was travelling in Afghanistan with his skateboard.
2007年，澳大利亚的奥利弗·波克维奇带着滑板在阿富汗旅行。
The children there were fascinated so he started showing them how to skate.
那里的孩子们被滑板迷住了，所以他开始教孩子们如何用滑板滑行。
The idea grew and a few years later he founded the organisation 'Skateistan',
这个想法逐渐形成，几年后他成立了一个名为“滑板阿富汗”的组织，
giving free skateboard lessons to children aged five to seventeen,
为5到17岁的孩子提供免费滑板课程，
with a focus on those with disabilities, from low-income backgrounds and especially, girls.
主要针对残疾儿童，来自低收入家庭的孩子，尤其是女孩。
Here's 'Skateistan' volunteer, Jessica Faulkner,
这是“滑板阿富汗”的志愿者杰西卡·福克纳谈到的，
explaining how skateboarding reinforces positive educational messages which Afghan kids don't always get at home.
她解释了滑板运动如何强化了积极教育信息，阿富汗的孩子并不总能在家里获得这类信息。
There's a few things that skateboarding does as a kind of function.
滑板运动能发挥一些作用。
It is really quite challenging.
它非常具有挑战性。
It's not an easy sport for anyone whether you're young or old.
无论你年轻还是年长，它对你来说都不是一项容易的运动。
And that means that it also teaches quite a lot of life skills.
那就意味着它还会教给我们很多生活技能。
You have to fall off a skateboard quite a lot of times before you get better,
在你玩滑板玩得更好之前，你会从滑板上摔下来很多次，
and it really helps children with things like goal setting and resilience and determination.
这真的能帮助孩子们设定目标，培养他们韧性和决心。
Also, and really importantly, we do believe that children should have fun.
而且，真正重要的是，我们确实认为孩子们应该玩得开心。
Like surfing, skateboarding is challenging and difficult.
和冲浪一样，滑板运动具有挑战性和难度。
It requires effort and Jessica believes this teaches children important life skills
它需要人们付出努力，杰西卡认为滑板运动会教给孩子们重要的生活技能
– the basic skills needed to solve problems commonly encountered in everyday life.
——解决日常生活中常见问题的基本技能。
One important life skill is goal setting – deciding what things you want to achieve and how you plan to achieve them.
一项重要的生活技能就是目标设定——决定你想要实现什么以及你计划如何实现。
Along with other skills like determination and resilience, this helps kids improve their outlook on life.
与决心和韧性等其它技能一起，这有助于孩子改善他们的人生观。
And to experience one of the most important things – having fun!
而且要体验最重要的事情之一——要玩得开心！
Which reminds me about the kids at the Ebony Club and my quiz question.
那让我想起了乌木俱乐部的孩子以及我的测试问题。
Remember that I asked you which sport the club uses to support disadvantaged children in London.
还记得吗，我问你该俱乐部用哪项运动来帮助伦敦的弱势儿童？
Yes, and I said, b) tennis.
是的，我说是b)网球。
But in fact, it's c) horse riding - a sport normally associated with the elite.
但实际上答案是c)骑马——一项通常与精英联系在一起的运动。
In this episode we've been discussing how sport can help improve the life chances of young people from tough backgrounds,
在本期节目中，我们一直在讨论运动如何帮助那些来自艰难环境的年轻人改善生活机会，
many of whom have suffered trauma – severe emotional pain and distress.
他们中的许多人都遭受了创伤——严重的情感痛苦和感情上的打击。
Such pain damages a child's self-image – how they see and value themselves in the world.
这样的痛苦会损害孩子的自我形象——他们如何看待和评价自己在这个世界上的存在。
This can be improved by taking part in sports, like surfing, skating and horse riding,
这可以通过参加像冲浪，滑冰和骑马这样的运动来提高，
which are challenging – demanding and testing of your abilities.
这些都是具有挑战性的——对你的能力有要求并要进行考验。
Often kids are supported by a mentor – a trusted, more experienced friend who can offer help and advice.
通常孩子们会得到指导者的支持——一位值得信赖、更有经验的朋友，他可以提供帮助和建议。
And with this support they learn life skills – basic skills everyone needs to cope with everyday problems.
在这种支持下，孩子们可以学习生活技能——每个人应对日常问题的基本技能。
One important skill is goal setting – deciding what you want to accomplish and planning how to do it.
一项重要技能是目标设定——决定你想要实现什么并计划如何去实现。
And of course, sometimes the most important goal is just to have fun!
当然，有时候最重要的目标就是要玩得开心！
That's all we have time for.
以上就是我们今天的全部内容。
Join us again soon as we discuss more topical issues.
欢迎再次加入我们，进行更多热门话题讨论。
Bye for now!
再见了！
Bye!
拜！