羞愧总是不好的吗？
Is shame always bad?
Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
大家好，欢迎来到六分钟英语。我是尼尔。
And I'm Sam.
我是萨姆。
In this programme we'll be talking about the emotion of shame.
在本期节目中，我们将讨论羞愧这种情感。
What can you tell us about this word, Sam?
萨姆，关于这个单词你能告诉我们什么？
Well, it can be a verb or a noun.
好吧，它可以是动词也可以是名词。
As a noun it's an emotion for the uncomfortable feeling we have when we feel embarrassed or guilty about something that we've done.
作为一个名词，它指的是当我们对自己所做的事情感到尴尬或内疚时所产生的不适感。
It’s a very strong feeling.
它是一种非常强烈的感觉。
We’ll explore this topic in more detail shortly, but first a question.
我们很快将更详细地探讨这个主题，但首先有一个问题。
Now it might seem like a random question, but all will become clear later, I promise.
现在它看起来似乎是一个随意的问题，但我保证，稍后一切都会变得清晰起来。
The chemical which was used to make cooking pans non-stick was discovered by accident, when was this?
用于使烹饪锅不粘的化学物质是偶然被发现的，那是什么时候的事？
Was it… a) 1930s, b)1960s, or c) 1980s?
是a) 20世纪30年代，b)20世纪60年代，还是c) 20世纪80年代？
What do you think, Sam?
你觉得呢，萨姆？
Ah – well, first, I've no idea what non-stick cookware has to do with our topic of shame,
额，首先，我不知道不粘炊具和我们的羞愧话题有什么关系，
but as to the question itself, I think it has something to do with Nasa and the space programme,
但是就这个问题本身而言，我认为它与美国国家航空航天局和太空计划有关，
so I’m going to say 1960s.
所以我说是20世纪60年代。
Well, we will find out later in the programme if you are right.
好吧，稍后我们将在节目中揭晓你是否正确。
The idea of shame is not new, by any means, but social media has made it a very modern concept, hasn’t it?
总之羞愧这个概念并不新鲜，但社交媒体已经使它成为一个非常现代的概念，不是吗？
Yes, when it’s used as a verb, to shame someone,
是的，当它用作动词时，另某人羞愧，
it means to say or write things in public designed to make other people feel bad about their behaviour,
它的意思是在公共场合说或写一些东西让别人对他们的行为感到抱歉，
and this is something we see a lot in social media.
这是我们在社交媒体上经常看到的。
This topic was discussed on a recent edition of the BBC radio programme Woman’s Hour.
BBC广播节目《女性时间》最近一期就讨论了这个话题。
One of the guests was Hetta Howes from City University, London.
其中一位嘉宾是来自伦敦城市大学的海蒂·豪斯。
Does she think that shame is always a bad thing?
她认为羞愧总是一件坏事吗？
If you have too much shame it’s crippling, it's sort of debilitating and that’s bad,
如果你有太多的羞愧，那会起到削弱作用，这是不好的，
but the right amount of shame can be really positive because it effects change,
但是适量的羞愧可以很积极，因为它会引起变化，
and I wonder if we’re starting to see that a bit in modern culture as well from sort of social media platforms,
而且我想知道我们是否在现代文化和社交媒体平台上看到一点这种内容，
because if someone’s done something that we consider to be a little bit wrong, we can sort of publicly shame them and maybe effect some positive change.
因为如果某人做一些我们认为错误的事情，我们可以公开使他们感到羞愧而且那可能引起一些积极的改变。
So is shame always bad?
羞愧总是不好的吗？
Well, she does say that too much shame can be crippling and debilitating.
好吧，她确实说太多的羞愧会起到削弱作用。
Both these words mean that shame is so strong that we really can’t manage the emotion, we can’t deal with it, we can’t do anything to put it right.
这两个词都意味着羞愧是如此强烈以至于我们真的无法控制这种情绪，我们无法处理它，我们无法做任何事情来纠正它。
But she does say that a bit of shame can be positive because it effects change.
但她也表示，一点点羞愧可能是积极的，因为它会引起变化。
This means that it causes change.
这指的是它会引起变化。
If someone is shamed on social media, it’s very public and can mean that they change their behaviour.
如果某人在社交媒体上感到羞愧，它是非常公开的，而且可能意味着他们改变了自己的行为。
I suppose though there is one group I think have to accept public shaming, and perhaps deserve it more than others.
然而我认为有一个群体必须公然感到羞愧，也许比另其他人羞愧更值得。
I think I can guess.
我想我能猜到。
Would it be politicians, perhaps?
或许是政治家们？
These days we are very cynical about politicians, aren’t we?
现在我们对政治家们持怀疑态度，不是吗？
Social media is one area where the public can directly contact and comment on what their representatives are or aren’t doing.
社交媒体是一个公众可以直接联系和评论他们的代表在做什么或没有做什么的领域。
But politicians are a particular kind of person, aren’t they?
但是政治家是一种特殊的人，不是吗？
Cultural historian Tiffany Watt-Smith made this comment on the same Woman’s Hour programme.
文化历史学家蒂芙尼·瓦特·史密斯在同一
个节目《女性时间》中发表了这一评论。
Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesn’t experience that at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician,
羞愧是……非常非常有用的，而且一个完全没有经历过那的人，就像一个穿着铁氟龙的政治家，
I mean, that's… that’s a kind of frightening image.
我的意思是，那是……那是一种可怕的形象。
What’s she saying here, Sam?
她在说什么，萨姆？
She’s talking about how some politicians to do not seem to be bothered by shaming.
她说的是一些政治家如何不受羞愧的困扰。
They just ignore it and move on.
他们只是忽视它，继续前进。
She describes them as Teflon coated.
她形容他们穿着铁氟龙。
This is – aha – a reference to non-stick cookware!
这是——啊哈——参考不粘炊具！
Teflon is the brand name of the chemical which was used to make pots and pans non-stick.
铁氟龙是一种用于制造不粘型圆锅和不粘型平底锅的化学物质的商标名。
The pans were coated or covered in this material.
平底锅是用这种材料包裹或者覆盖起来的。
The reference to politicians is that there are some to whom criticism and shame just don’t stick.
对于政治家们则是指有些人不接触批评和羞愧。
They manage to avoid any negative consequences of their actions and this, she says, is scary.
他们设法避免自己行为的任何负面后果，她说，这很可怕。
Here’s Tiffany Watt-Smith again.
再听一遍蒂芙尼·瓦特·史密斯说的。
Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesn’t experience that at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician,
羞愧是……非常非常有用的，而且一个完全没有经历过那的人，就像一个穿着铁氟龙的政治家，
I mean, that's… that’s a kind of frightening image.
我的意思是，那是……那是一种可怕的形象。
It’s nearly time now to review our vocabulary, but first, let’s have the answer to the quiz question,
现在差不多是时候复习词汇了，但是首先，让我们来揭晓今天问题的答案，
which was about non-stick coating on cookware, or Teflon, as we heard.
这个问题是关于炊具上的不粘涂层，或者我们所听说的铁氟龙。
When was it invented?
它是什么时候被发明的？
a) 1930s, b) 1960s, or c) 1980s?
a) 20世纪30年代，b) 20世纪60年代，还是c) 20世纪80年代？
What did you think, Sam?
你觉得呢，萨姆？
I guessed the 1960s, and I think it was invented as part of the US space programme.
我猜是20世纪60年代，而且我认为它是作为美国太空计划的一部分被发明的。
Well, a lot of people think that and, like you, a lot of people are wrong.
很多人都这么认为，就像你一样，但很多人都错了。
It was actually discovered, by accident, in 1938.
实际上，它是在1938年被偶然发现的。
So well done if you got that right but no shame if you didn’t!
如果你做对了，那很棒啊，但如果你做错了也没什么好羞愧的！
Now on with today’s words.
现在继续今天的单词。
OK. Yes, we were talking about shame, an uncomfortable feeling of guilt and embarrassment at something we’ve done.
好的。是的，我们谈论的是羞愧，一种对自己所做事情内疚和尴尬的不适感。
Shame can be crippling and debilitating.
羞愧会起到削弱作用。
Both these adjectives mean making someone unable to deal with the situation.
这两个形容词都表示使某人无法处理特定情况。
They can feel so badly about what they have done that they find it difficult to move forward emotionally.
他们会对自己所做的事情感到非常不好，以至于很难在情感上继续向前。
We then had to effect change.
然后我们必须做出改变。
This means to make change happen.
这意味着引起改变的发生。
Note this is 'effect' with an 'e' and not 'affect' with an 'a'.
注意，这是带“e”的“effect”，而不是带“a”的“affect”。
Teflon is a non-stick covering for cookware.
铁氟龙是炊具的一种不粘型覆盖物。
And something that is coated with something is covered with something.
包裹有某物的物体被某物所覆盖。
So Teflon coated means covered in Teflon.
所以包裹有铁氟龙指的是覆盖有铁氟龙。
Well, that’s all for this programme.
好了，以上就是本期节目的全部内容。
We’ll be with you again soon,
我们很快会再次和你见面，
Just search for bbclearninglish.
只需查找bbclearninglish。
Goodbye!
再见！
Bye!
拜！