巴西的经济
Brazilian economy
Hello I’m Rob.
大家好，我是Rob。
Welcome to 6 Minute English.
欢迎收听六分钟英语节目。
My Brazilian colleague, Grace, is with me today.
今天和我一起主持节目的是我的巴西同事，Grace。
Hello, Grace.
你好，Grace。
Hi Rob!
你好，Rob！
Today we're talking about the Brazilian economy,
今天我们要一起来聊一聊巴西的经济，
and we'll have some language related to money and investments.
会接触到一些跟货币和投资相关的知识。
Grace, you know what?
Grace，你知道吗？
I want to be rich!
我想发财！
Oh, so do I, Rob. So do I.
哈哈，我也是啊，Rob。
But, should I invest my money in Brazil?
不过，你说我应不应该在巴西投资啊？
That's a difficult question, Rob.
这个问题可不容易回答，Rob。
Let me give you an easier question first,
让我先问你一个简单点的问题吧。
and then we can listen to an expert who knows all about it.
然后再来听听专家的意见。
OK – well ask me the easy question then.
好的，你问吧，说说你的问题。
What's the name of the Brazilian currency?
你知道巴西货币的名称吗？
Is it…
选项有：
a) the Brazilian peso
a) 巴西比索
b) the real
b) 雷亚尔
c) the guarani
c) 瓜拉尼
Mmmm… b) the real.
恩……我选b）雷亚尔。
I'll give you the answer at the end of the programme.
节目最后让我们来揭晓答案。
And I can even show you some Brazilian notes and coins.
一会我还可以给你看看巴西的纸币和硬币。
OK, that's exciting.
好的，听起来真棒。
You are going to show me Brazilian notes –
你要给我看看巴西的货币—
pieces of paper money, and some coins.
纸币和硬币。
Good. I love coins.
太棒了，我喜欢硬币。
And I know some people actually collect them.
我也知道有些人喜欢收集硬币。
But now let's talk about the Brazilian economy.
不过现在先让我们来聊聊巴西的经济吧。
You're going to hear BBC business reporter Robert Plummer.
下面大家将听到来自BBC商业节目记者Robert Plummer的独到见解。
Overall, does he think the Brazilian economy is strong?
总的来说，他会认为巴西的经济非常强劲吗？
The Brazilian economy is at a crossroads.
巴西的经济正处在重要的十字路口。
It's now been two decades since the anti-inflation plan, which changed the currency in Brazil.
20多年前，巴西开始实施反通货膨胀计划，该计划改变了巴西的货币。
But the government arguably has not really built on that legacy:
但巴西政府未能在此基础上继续利用该计划所带来的巨大好处。
there are structural reforms, the tax system needs changing;
有结构性改革，税收制度亟待变革。
a lot needs to be done to put the Brazilian economy on a sustainable footing.
要让巴西的经济保持持续性发展还有许多事情要去做。
He's says it's at a crossroads –
他说“巴西的经济正处于重要的十字路口阶段”——
in a place where it could do well,
意思是说在这个阶段他们能做的很好，
but a lot needs to change first –
但首先要作出改变——
it could go either way.
否则的话将事与愿违。
Yes, 20 years ago there was an anti-inflation plan, a plan to stop inflation,
没错。20年前实施了反通货膨胀计划，旨在结束当时的通货膨胀现象，
which is the continuous increase in prices of goods and services.
通货膨胀指的是商品和社会服务的价格出现了持续不下的增长。
It makes life very hard!
这种经济状况让人们的生活难以为继！
It was a very good plan, you know.
你知道吗，当时的反通货膨胀计划顺应了民心，是个很好的举措。
Before that, you would go to a shop to buy food and each month the same amount of goods cost more and more.
在那之前，如果你去超市买食物你会发现，每个月买相同数量的商品但价格却越来越高。
The salary?
而工资呢？
Well, the salary remained the same.
工资却依然保持不变。
It was a real nightmare!
那真是一场噩梦啊！
I can imagine.
我能够想象出那种情景。
But he said, after that, the government hasn't built on the plan's success.
但刚才他也说了，推行了反通货膨胀计划之后，政府却没有好好利用这项计划带来的成功。
To 'build on' success is to use success to do more things and get more success, to achieve more.
意思是说没有顺势去做更多重要的事以及继续取得成功，继续发展。
Rob, earlier you asked about investing in Brazil.
Rob，刚才你提到过在巴西投资的事情。
Let's hear what the BBC expert has to say about it.
下面再让我们听听BBC专家的意见。
Which thing might attract investors?
哪些东西会吸引投资者呢？
The Brazilian economy is as globalised as anywhere else.
巴西的经济同许多其他国家一样是非常全球化的。
It's offering investment opportunities for foreign investors.
它向许多外国投资者提供了丰富的投资机会。
It has some of the highest real interest rates in the world so there's a chance of a quick profit.
巴西有着世界上最高的实际利率，所以在这里投资有快速盈利的可能。
But it's also a risky place.
但同时也存在着许多风险。
People pay a premium to get a better profit.
为了取得更高的利润，人们需要交纳保险费。
If, on the other hand, other investment opportunities arise elsewhere, this is 'hot money';
一方面，如果其他地方出现了投资的机会，这就是“热钱”；
it can flow out again as easily as it flowed in.
这些钱可以快速的流出，就像它们快速的流入那样。
So the chance of a quick profit!
所以这就是快速盈利的可能对吧！
It's the money you earn after you pay costs.
你要先有所付出，才能取得回报。
Well, sounds good to me!
听起来不错！
Yes, he says that's because it has very high interest rates –
是的，他说这是因为巴西的高利率——
which here means the percentage your money grows when it's invested.
在这里指的就是你投资出去的钱增长的百分比。
But this extra money is not guaranteed.
但是这种盈利的方式也不是万全的。
The analyst also talks about risk.
分析者也指出了其中存在的风险。
He says the Brazilian market is a risky place.
他说巴西的市场风险十足。
Yes… risky…
没错……确实有着风险……
it means that there is a possibility of something bad happening,
他的意思是有可能会发生一些不太好的事情。
like, for example,
比方说，
Rob, losing all your money.
Rob,你有可能损失全部的钱。
Oh dear!
噢，天哪！
So I should think carefully, but…
这么说我可要再仔细考虑一下了，不过……
I think I'm in luck today.
我觉得我今天还是挺幸运的。
I think I got the right answer to the question you put to me at the beginning of the programme.
我觉得我答对了你在节目一开始提出的那个问题。
The name of the Brazilian currency?
巴西货币的名称？
Yes, that's it.
没错，就是它。
Well, the choices were:
选项有：
the Brazilian peso, the real or the guarani.
巴西比索、雷亚尔和瓜拉尼。
And you said?
你的答案是？
I said 'real'.
我说是“雷亚尔”。
Well, you're in luck, Rob.
好吧，你今天的确比较走运，Rob。
I don't know if you're going to be rich but you know already the name of the currency.
我不敢说你到底能不能发大财，但至少你已经知道了巴西货币的名字。
The Brazilian peso does not exist and the guarani is Paraguay's currency.
巴西比索是不存在的，而瓜拉尼是巴拉圭的货币。
The Brazilian currency had several names in the 20th Century:
在20世纪的时候巴西的货币有好几种名字：
from 'contos de reis' to 'cruzeiros' and then 'cruzados'.
从“contos de reis”到“cruzeiros”再到“cruzados”。
After that anti-inflation plan in the mid-90s,
到90年代中期，实施反通货膨胀计划以后，
the name changed to 'real' – one 'real', ten 'reais' –
巴西的货币就变成了“雷亚尔”——一个雷亚尔写作“real”，十个雷亚尔要用“reais”——
this is for the plural.
这是复数形式。
Here are some of the notes, Rob.
Rob，这就是巴西的纸币。
Have a look.
你看看。
OK. They are all different colours.
好的。有好多种颜色啊。
We have two 'reais'… with a picture of a turtle.
这是两雷亚尔，上面有着海龟的图案。
Ten 'reais' with it, a very nice picture of a parrot on the back…
这是十雷亚尔，后面是一幅好看的鹦鹉图。
Yes. And when I look at this parrot,
是的，每当我看到这只鹦鹉，
Rob, to be honest,
Rob,老实告诉你，
I imagine it saying to me: "don't spend it, don't spend it",
我就会幻想它在对我说：“别把我花出去，别把我花出去”，
so I can save and, maybe, make a nice pot of money.
所以我就把它存起来，或许某天我就能攒下好多钱了。
And how much would I need to buy a 'cafezinho' –
那么，如果我想买一杯“cafezinho（一种巴西的咖啡）”要花多少钱——
a small cup of Brazilian-style coffee?
一小杯巴西口味的咖啡？
Well, one cafezinho in Sao Paulo, for example,
在圣保罗，一杯cafezinho
can cost from 2.50 to 3.50 reais - three reais and fifty 'centavos'.
要花2.50到3.50雷亚尔……——3雷亚尔（reais）和50分（centavos）。
Or even more, if you go somewhere a bit fancy.
如果你去个环境稍微好一点的地方，花费会更高一点。
And if you go to a supermarket,
如果是去超市的话，
you might be able to buy a bottle of one litre of coconut water for around 12 reais.
你花12雷亚尔就能买到一瓶一公升的椰子汁。
Good, good.
不错，不错。
I'll hang on to these notes, thank you.
好的，这些我都记下了，谢谢你。
Well, our time is up but before we go,
好的，在今天节目结束之前，
could you remind us of some of the words we heard today, Rob?
你能再和大家一起回顾一下我们今天提到的一些单词和短语吗，Rob？
Of course. We heard:
没问题，今天我们学到的有：
notes
纸币
at a crossroads
处在十字路口，处在关键时刻
anti-inflation
反通货膨胀
to build on
在……基础上
interest rates
利率
profit
利润
risky
有风险的
Now it's time to say goodbye and go for a cafezinho, Rob.
又到了说再见的时候了，Rob，我们去喝杯cafezinho吧
Of course it is,
好啊，
but please join us again soon for 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
但还是希望大家下次继续收听我们BBC的六分钟英语节目。
Ate logo (see you later).
Ate logo（再见）。
Bye.
再见。