■席玉虎主编《英语常用词用法详解大词典》(L-Z)(商务印书馆国际有限公司 2007年6月北京第1版)p2541:
……从搭配上来说,这三个词都可接名词(如an offer)作宾语,但invitation只能与refer(笔者注:refer应为reject), decline搭配;suggestion只能与reject, decline搭配;permission只能与refuse搭配;plan只能与reject搭配。
■高凌主编《英语常用动词详解词典》(北京出版社2002年2月第2版)p312:
……这三个词搭配上不同:接invitation时不能用reject,可以用decline;接permission不能用refuse 和reject;只能用decline;接suggestion不能用refuse,只能用decline; 接plan 或proposal时不能用refuse 和decline,只能用reject;而接order时decline,refuse 和reject都可以用。
■笔者认为上述某些说法是不符合当前英语实际的,因为他们没有经过认真研究,只是借鉴前人的成果,而前人的成果在当时可能是正确的,在现在则不一定正确,因为语言是不断发展的。
首先,无论是在英国英语还是在美国英语中,refuse都可以和invitation搭配。请看例证:
在BNC(英国国家语料库http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk)上共有22例refuse和invitation搭配的例句:
He had murmured some excuse but had been unable to refuse an invitation to supper at the vicarage during the coming week. (笔者译:他喃喃地说一些借口,但无法拒绝在未来一周在牧师家吃晚饭的邀请。)
She recoiled and of course refused his invitation. (笔者译:她退缩了,当然拒绝他的邀请。)
Suchocka was reported to have refused an invitation to meet the strikers. 据报道苏霍茨卡拒绝了同罢工者会面的请求。
在BUY CORPUS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2008) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/上至少有11例refuse和invitation搭配的例句:
The Court refused the invitation, concluding that such standards must be set without regard to cost. (笔者译:法庭拒绝了这一请求,并断定,制定这样标准没有考虑到成本。)
Edith should absolutely have refused the invitation, but there was nothing to be done about it now. (笔者译:伊迪丝本应完全拒绝这个邀请,但现在对此却无计可施。)
Thousands outside protested that they'd been excluded from the talks; others refused the invitation. (笔者译:数千人在外面抗议他们被排除在谈判之外;其他人则拒绝了这个邀请。)
其次,无论是在英国英语还是在美国英语中,reject都可以和invitation搭配。
在BNC(英国国家语料库http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk)上共有2例refuse和invitation搭配的例证:
Once Shamir had rejected this invitation, Peres entered into intensive negotiations in an attempt to achieve a majority. (笔者译:一旦沙米尔拒绝了这一请求,佩雷斯将进行细致的谈判以达到大多数。)
在BUY CORPUS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2008) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/上有5 例refuse和invitation搭配的例证:
We should reject the invitation. (笔者译:我们应当拒绝这个邀请。)
…, it was pressure from government officials that made him reject the invitation to meet. (笔者译:来自政府官员的压力迫使他拒绝会面。)
第三,无论是在英国英语还是在美国英语中,refuse都可以和suggestion搭配:
BUY CORPUS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2008) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/:
Greta adamantly refused that suggestion. (笔者译:葛丽泰坚决拒绝这一建议。)
BNC(英国国家语料库http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk):
Councillors yesterday refused a suggestion to offer a £5 discount to people who settle their full annual bill within 30 days. (笔者译: 昨天议员否决了一项30天之内偿还全年税费优惠5英镑的提议。)
第四,无论是在英国英语还是在美国英语中,refuse都可以和permission搭配:
BNC(英国国家语料库http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk):
Had he refused her permission to marry?
BUY CORPUS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2008) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/:
..., customers would simply refuse their permission for release.
第五,无论是在英国英语还是在美国英语中,refuse都可以和proposal搭配。
在BNC(英国国家语料库http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk)上共有3例refuse和proposal搭配的例证:
Hunt was never known to refuse a proposal of this sort. (笔者译:亨特从来不知道拒绝此类的建议。)
在BUY CORPUS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2008) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/上有两例 refuse和proposal搭配的例证:
..., but he refused the proposal. (笔者译:……,但他拒绝了这个建议。)
US West reportedly refused the proposal. (笔者译:据报道美国西岸拒绝这一提议。)
最后,无论是在英国英语还是在美国英语中,decline都可以和proposal搭配。
(日) 市川繁治郎主编《英语搭配大辞典》(外语教学与研究出版社2006年10月第1版)p1361:decline a proposal with thanks
王文昌主编《英语搭配大词典》(增订版) (江苏教育出版社2004年11月第2版)p1764:decline a proposal 拒绝一个建议
在BUY CORPUS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2008) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/上有以下decline和proposal搭配的例证:
They will smile politely, or even laugh, and then will decline the proposal in very direct and forthright terms. (笔者译:他们会礼貌的微笑,甚至大笑,然后会以非常直接坦率的方式拒绝这个建议。)
以上大量事例充分证明了refuse完全可以和invitation, suggestion, permission和proposal搭配;reject可以和invitation搭配;decline可以和proposal搭配。
【说明】感谢李翔先生对本站的支持和厚爱!本文为本站首发,如有兄弟网站转载本文,务请注明来源,同时带上本站的有效链接!