“only+状语”置于句首时其后句子一定要用倒装吗

   

  

   

国内出版的绝大部分英语语法书,在谈到涉及 only 的倒装时,大都是这样描述的:“only+状语置于句首时其后句子要用倒装。有的还说得相当绝对:“only+状语置于句首时其后句子一定要用倒装。  

当然only+状语置于句首时,其后用倒装的例句非常普遍。如:  

(1) Only now can I begin to apprehend the power of these forces.  直到现在我才真正了解这些队伍的力量。  

(2) Only if the chairperson resigns will we be able to restore the confidence of our members. 只有主席辞职,我们才能恢复成员的信心。  

(3) The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.  飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心,这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。  

(4) Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted.  只有每一逻辑步骤都被其他数学家验证之后,证明才能成立。  

(5) Only by keeping down costs will   America   maintain its competitive advantage over other countries.  只有通过控制成本,美国才能保持对其他国家的竞争优势。  

   

但是,当“only+状语置于句首时其后句子就一定要用倒装吗?不一定!这要分情况来看。  

第一种情况  倒装  

若置于句首的“only+状语强调的是唯一性排他性,其后要用部分倒装。如:  

(1) Only when the masses are fully mobilized can victory be won. 只有充分发动群众,才能取得胜利。  

这句话的言外之意是:取得胜利的唯一前提是充分发动群众  

(2) Only gradually are technologies being developed to mechanize the task. 使这项任务实现机械化的技术只能逐步发展。  

这句话的言外之意是:使这项任务实现机械化的技术只有逐步发展这一条路,这是唯一的,它排除了其他的可能性。  

(3) Only when we have weighed all the factors involved can we decide when would be the best time to start. 只有权衡了所有有关的因素之后,我们才能决定何时开始最佳。  

这句话的言外之意是:要决定何时才是最佳的开始时间,其唯一前提是在权衡所有有关的因素之后  

第二种情况  不倒装  

若置于句首的“only+状语不强调唯一性排他性,比如当其中的 only 表示 just as recently as 等意思时,此时其后的句子则不用倒装。如:  

(1) Only today I saw her―she looks much better.    

――摘自Oxford Practical English Usage  

句意:就在今天我还见过她――她看起来好多了。  

(2) Only last week you said you would never smoke again. That didn’t last long, did it?   

――摘自Oxford Practical English Usage  

句意:就在上个星期你还说过你不再吸烟了。你的话过不了多久就不算数,是不是?   

(3) Only a year ago, he was on the rack with a heroin addiction that began when he was 13.   

――摘自Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary  

句意:就在一年前,他还被13岁时开始染上的海洛因毒瘾所折磨。  

(4) Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000.   

――摘自Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary  

句意:仅短短 5 年时间后,你的钱就会增多 94,000 美元。  

(5) Only yesterday, it seemed to her, she had born Sophia.   

――摘自《薄冰高级英语语法》  

句意:她似乎觉得她昨天才生的索菲娅。  

比较:  

  装:Only today did I see her. 我只在今天见过她。(即其他时间未见过她)  

不倒装:Only today I saw her. 我就在今天还见过她。(说明见过她后时间还不久)