俚语
Slang
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Alice…
大家好，欢迎收听六分钟英语，我是爱丽丝。
And I'm Neil.
我是尼尔。
Could you lend me some dosh, Neil?
尼尔，你能借我一些钱吗？
Sure. How much do you need?
当然可以，你要多少？
A couple of smackers.
几块钱就行了。
You're sounding strange today, Alice.
你今天说话真奇怪。
Yes, I know, Neil.
我知道，尼尔。
Slang – or informal language used by a particular group – is the subject of today's show,
俚语，某一特殊群体使用的非正式语言，是今天节目的主题。
and I was just demonstrating a couple of slang words that mean money.
我刚刚就是展示了俚语中是怎么表示钱的。
Dosh is a general term for money and a smacker is a British pound or US dollar.
Dosh是钱的统称，smacker是指英镑或美元。
OK, so Cockney Rhyming Slang is a type of slang.
老伦敦的押韵俚语也是俚语的一种。
It's a coded language invented in the 19th Century by Cockneys
这是伦敦人19世纪发明的一种代码语言。
so they could speak in front of the police without being understood.
这样他们能在警察面前说话而不被听懂说了什么。
And still on the subject of money, I have a question for you, Alice.
继续钱这个主题，我有一个问题要问你。
OK.
好的。
What's Cockney Rhyming Slang for money?
老伦敦的押韵俚语中用什么表示钱？
Is it…a) bread?
a) 面包？
b) honey?
b)蜂蜜？
Or c) dough?
还是c)生面团？
I think it's a) bread.
我选a) 面包。
I bet you didn't know, Neil, that I'm a Cockney.
我打赌你不知道我是伦敦人。
I don't Adam and Eve it, Alice! That's a pork pie!
我不信！你说谎！
Adam and Eve means believe and pork pie means… lie!
Adam and Eve是指相信，pork pie是指谎言。
Actually, you're right. I'm not a Cockney.
事实上你说得对。我不是伦敦人。
To be considered a Cockney,
要想被认为是伦敦人，
you need to be born within hearing distance of the bells of St Mary-le-Bow church in what is now the City of London.
你得出生在能听到波教堂钟声的地方，也就是伦敦市。
Indeed. Now, slang, as we've said, is colloquial – or informal – language.
没错，我们所说的俚语是一种白话，也就是非正式的语言。
And it's characteristic of specific social groups.
是特殊社会群体的特征。
We usually use it in informal conversation rather than in writing or more formal situations, like a job interview.
我们通常在非正式对话中使用俚语，在写作或更加正式的场合，如面试时都不用俚语。
We change the way we speak so that what we say is appropriate for a particular situation.
我们改变我们说话的方式，以便在特殊场合言语得体。
So you surprised me, earlier, Alice, by talking about dosh and smackers
你之前提到dosh和smackers真的吓到我了。
because it didn't seem appropriate for presenting the show.
因为节目中不适合说这些俚语。
Slang use is often frowned upon – or disapproved of.
俚语总是被反对使用。
Let's listen to Jonathan Green, a lexicographer of slang, talking about who uses slang and how this has changed.
我们听听词典编纂者Jonathan Green谈论谁会使用俚语，俚语发生了怎样的改变。
Here he is on the Radio 4 programme Word of Mouth.
他在4套节目《口口相传》做客。
Slang does have a bad reputation and I would say this comes from its earliest collection,
俚语的名声确实不好，最早的字典中，
which was of criminal slang in the 1500s in the 16th century,
俚语是15世纪16世纪罪犯使用的，
and it was associated with bad people, and inevitably that has lingered.
总是跟坏人联系在一起，不可避免地俚语的坏名声一直都在。
But now in the last 40 or 50 years it's changed.
但最近四五十年里，俚语发生了变化。
The definitions tend to stress different and jocular, funny, humorous, inventive, that kind of thing.
俚语的定义着重于不同的，打趣的，有意思的，幽默的，独出心裁的这类语言。
So we have records of 16th Century slang in collections – or dictionaries.
所以我们已经在字典里收录了16世纪的俚语。
Words used by criminals as a code so they could talk without being understood.
那时俚语通常是罪犯使用的，使得他们不会被听懂。
And this bad reputation has lingered – or been slow to disappear.
所以俚语不好的名声也就一直存在着。
But for the last 50 years we've been using slang to be funny and creative as well as to show belonging to a particular group.
但近50年，我们使用俚语，将其作为幽默有创造力的表现，同时属于特殊群体。
And apparently we're very creative when talking about drinking and being drunk.
很显然我们在谈到喝酒，喝醉时很有创造力。
The slang word booze – meaning alcohol – comes from the 13th Century Dutch word, busen.
俚语中 booze是指酒精，来自13世纪的荷兰语busen。
And there are hundreds of slang expressions to talk about drink and being drunk:
有成百上千个关于喝酒喝醉的俚语表达。
on the sauce, in your cups, half cut, hammered, squiffy, tipsy, wasted, legless,
如大量喝酒, 喝醉, 酩酊大醉,大醉的,微醉的, 喝醉的, 喝光, 醉醺醺的。
and many many more that are far too rude to mention in this programme.
还有很多很粗鲁的表达，无法在节目中提及。
Yes. So, while these terms might not be strictly acceptable
没错，这些词可能不被接受，
– or appropriate in formal contexts they aren't offensive,
在正式场合下不适用，带有冒犯性，
they are often amusing and help people bond in social groups.
他们通常用于娱乐大众，帮助人们融入社会群体。
By contrast, swear words or profanity – means rude language that offends or upsets people.
相反，脏话，亵渎的语言通常会冒犯别人。
And I'm not going to give any examples because that would be inappropriate and impolite, Alice.
我就不举例子了，因为不太适合，太不礼貌了。
OK, let's listen now to Jonathan Green and presenter Michael Rosen talking about jargon – another type of in-group language.
好的，我们听听 Jonathan Green以及主持人Michael Rosen谈论术语，这是另一种群体语言。
Jargon is what I would call is small o occupational, small p professional.
术语是指职业的，专业的语言。
It's closed off environments.
是在相对封闭环境中使用的语言。
You get legal jargon, you get naval jargon,
有法律术语，有海军术语。
I‘ve been reading Patrick O Brien recently and that‘s awash with futtock plates and fiddying the decks.
我最近在读Patrick O Brien的书，里面充斥着内龙骨翼板，甲板。
This is radio 4 Jonathan, be careful!
上述是做客第四套节目的 Jonathan的讲话，注意了。
Jonathan Green in another segment of the BBC Radio 4 programme Word of Mouth.
Jonathan Green在BBC第四套节目《口口相传》的另一期的讲话。
So he says jargon is occupational and professional, meaning people speak it at work, for example, lawyers and sailors.
他说术语是职业化的，专业的，是指人们在工作中使用的语言，如律师和水手。
A futtock plate is, I believe, an iron plate attached to the top of a ship's mast.
我觉得内龙骨翼板是指船桅杆上端的铁板。
But I don't know much about this subject.
我对这东西不太了解。
That's the idea, though – jargon is the technical language belonging to a specific group.
术语就是这样，术语是指属于专业群体的技术性语言。
And to outsiders this jargon is often hard to understand.
对外行人来说，术语很难理解。
Yes and here in the studio I can use all the radio jargon that I like.
没错，在这录影棚，我可以使用所有我喜欢的录像术语。
Look at my faders here, Alice.
看我的音量控制器。
Going down and up and up and I'm just testing our levels…
下，上，上，我刚刚在测试我们的音量。
Come on, live the fader alone.
行了，放开那个音量控制器吧。
It controls the level of sound on a studio deck.
它控制了录影棚中声音的大小。
Now it's time for the answer to today's quiz question, Neil.
是时候揭晓今天问题的答案了。
I asked you: What's Cockney Rhyming Slang for money?
我问你：老伦敦押韵俚语中什么表示钱？
Is it… a) bread, b) honey or c) dough?
a) 面包， b) 蜂蜜 还是c) 面团？
And I said a) bread.
我选a) 面包。
And you were right, Alice!
你答对了！
Cockney Rhyming Slang uses just the first word of a phrase that rhymes with a word we're trying to disguise.
老伦敦押韵俚语就是用短语的首字母，和我们想要掩饰的那个词谐音。
So money becomes bread and honey but we just say 'bread'.
所以money变成了bread and honey，但我们只说bread。
OK, so let's recap on the words we've learned today.
让我们再回忆一遍今天学到的单词。
They are:
分别是：
slang
俚语
dosh
钱
smacker
钱
Cockney Rhyming Slang
老伦敦押韵俚语
colloquial
白话
frowned upon
不支持
lingered
持续的
booze
酒
swear
脏话
profanity
脏话
jargon
术语
Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute English.
今天的六分钟英语就到这里。
Please join us again soon!
不要忘了下期再会！
Bye!
再见！