血型有什么意义吗？
What’s the point of blood types?
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
大家好。这里是BBC教学英语的《六分钟英语》。我是尼尔。
And I'm Sam.
我是萨姆。
Sam, what blood type are you?
萨姆，你是什么血型？
Ah, you mean the different groups used to classify humans by blood – types A, B, AB and O.
啊，你是指按血型把人们分类为的不同群体——A型、B型、AB型和O型。
I think I'm type O.
我觉得我是O型。
How about you, Neil?
你呢，尼尔？
Well, it may sound strange but actually I don't know.
嗯，这听起来可能很奇怪，但实际上我不知道我是什么血型。
Hmm, lots of westerners don't know their blood type,
嗯，很多西方人不知道自己的血型，
but in parts of Asia blood groups are a topic of daily conversation.
但是在亚洲部分地区，血型是日常交谈的一个话题。
People select romantic partners based on blood type,
人们根据血型来选择伴侣，
and different blood groups are associated with different personalities.
而且血型不同，性格不同。
In this programme we'll be finding out all about blood – why humans have different blood types,
在本期节目中，我们将了解血液方面的内容——为什么人类会有不同的血型，
and whether blood is something more than just a way of pumping oxygen around your body.
以及血液是否不仅仅是向身体输送氧气的一种方式。
And of course we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
当然，我们也会学到一些新词汇。
Now, Neil, I have an interesting fact for you.
现在，尼尔，我要告诉你一个有趣的事实。
Did you know that many Japanese popstars' websites will feature their blood type alongside information like their age and hobbies?
你知道吗，许多日本流行歌手网站会在歌手的年龄和爱好等信息旁标明他们的血型？
I didn't, Sam, but Japanese culture is certainly interested in blood.
我不知道，萨姆，但是日本文化对血型很感兴趣。
There's even a word 'burahara' meaning 'blood harassment',
甚至还有“burahara”这个词，意思是“血型骚扰”，
which is used to describe hostility towards people from a certain blood group considered to be selfish.
它被用来形容对特定血型的人的敌意，而那个血型的人被认为是自私的。
But which group?
但那是哪个血型的人呢？
That's my quiz question for today – which blood types may fall victim to 'burahara'?
那就是我今天的测试问题——哪种血型的人会成为“血型骚扰”的受害者？
Is it: a) blood type A, b) blood type B or c) blood type O?
是a) A型血的人，b) B型血的人，还是c) O型血的人？
I’ll say a) blood type A.
我选a) A型血的人。
OK, Sam, we’ll find out the answer later.
好的，萨姆，我们稍后将揭晓答案。
Now as we’ve heard, blood is a big deal in Japan.
正如我们所听到的，血型在日本是一件大事。
Marnie Chesterton, from BBC World Service programme, CrowdScience, travelled to Tokyo
BBC全球服务节目CrowdScience的玛尔妮·切斯特顿去了东京，
where she asked Japanese translator, Chie Kobayashi, to explain more:
在那里她请日本翻译小林千枝做了更多解释：
For blood type A, generally it is thought they are perfectionists, more detail-oriented, pretty much good at precise type jobs,
对于A型血的人来说，他们通常被认为是完美主义者，更注重细节，非常擅长精细的工作，
and that makes them good at helping others and good at teamwork and respecting rules and customs.
那使得他们善于帮助别人，善于团队合作并尊重规则和习俗。
That's a typical blood A type.
这就是典型的A型血的人。
40 percent of Japan's population are sensitive, anxious type As.
40%的日本人是敏感、焦虑的A型血。
30 percent are curious and stubborn, generous type Os.
30%的人是好奇、固执、慷慨的O型血。
Ten percent are creative ABs.
10%的人是具有创造力的AB型血。
But woe betide the twenty percent type Bs because they have a far less desirable personality, apparently.
但20% 的人很倒霉，是B型血，因为他们的性格显然远不如人意。
According to Japanese tradition, blood type As are perfectionists - people who want everything to be perfect and demand the highest standards possible.
根据日本的传统，A型血的人是完美主义者——他们希望一切都完美并要求尽可能最高的标准。
This contrasts with type Os who are considered to be stubborn
这与O型血的人形成对比，O型血的人被认为是固执的，
– people who are determined to do what they want and refuse to change their mind.
他们决心去做他们想做的事情，并且拒绝改变自己的想法。
But it's unfortunate blood type Bs who have the least desirable personality – selfish and independent.
但是不幸的是，B型血的人有着最不如人意的性格——自私和不受约束。
"Woe betide the type Bs" remarks the presenter, Marnie Chesterton
主持人玛尔妮·切斯特顿说B型血的人倒霉
– an informal British expression said when there will be trouble ahead for someone – in this case, poor type Bs!
——那是一种非正式的英式表达，表示某人即将有麻烦——在这种情况下，是指可怜的B型血的人！
But apart from customs and traditions, is there actually any science behind these beliefs?
但除了习俗和传统外，这些观念背后是否真的有科学依据？
Well, not according to Dr Emma Pomeroy of Cambridge University's archaeology department.
好吧，剑桥大学考古系的艾玛·波默罗伊博士并不这样认为。
She thinks that - like horoscopes – there's no scientific basis for a connection between blood types and personalities.
她认为，就像星座运势一样，血型和性格之间的联系也没有科学依据。
Which makes me wonder what exactly blood types are.
这让我想知道血型到底是什么。
Blood types are kinds of stickers or chemical markers which support our immune system
各种血型就是各种各样的标记或化学标记，它们维持我们的免疫系统，
- the organs, cells and processes which protect the human body from infection and illness.
免疫系统是保护人体免受感染与疾病的器官、细胞和过程。
Those chemical markers can identify foreign bodies like pathogens - small organisms, such a virus or bacteria, that can cause disease.
那些化学标记可以识别异物，如病原体——诸如病毒或细菌等可能导致疾病的小型生物体。
The variety of blood types seems to be a result of different bodily responses to different disease-causing pathogens.
血型的多样性似乎是对不同致病病原体的不同身体反应的结果。
Which explains why blood of the same type is needed in blood transfusions
这就解释了为什么输血需要相同血型的血液，
– medical procedures in which blood is taken from one person and put into another person's body,
输血是从一个人身上抽血并输到另一个人体内的医疗程序，
often after an accident or during an operation.
通常在事故发生后或手术中。
And explains the high demand for type O blood which can be given to anyone.
并解释了对O型血的大量需求，因为O型血可以输血给任何人。
Ah, generous type Os – like me.
啊，慷概的O型血的人——就像我一样。
I always knew I was special… and curious and stubborn, wasn't that the type O personality?
我一直都知道自己很特别，又好奇又固执，那难道不是O型血性格吗？
Oh yes, today's quiz question was about blood type personalities.
噢，是的，今天的问题是关于血型对应的性格。
I asked you which undesirable blood type is considered selfish in Japan.
我问你哪种血型的人在日本被认为是自私的。
And I said a) blood type A.
我说是a）A型血的人。
But as we've heard, it's actually b) blood type B.
但正如我们所听到的，其实是b）B型血的人。
Never mind, I'll settle for being curious, stubborn and generous!
不要紧，我勉强接受我是个好奇、固执和慷慨的人！
In today's programme we've been talking all about blood types and personalities.
在今天的节目中，我们一直在谈论血型和性格。
In Japan, blood type A people are thought of as perfectionists - people who want everything to be perfect.
在日本，A型血的人被认为是完美主义者，他们希望一切都完美无缺。
Unlike type Os who are considered stubborn – determined to get their own way and unwilling to change.
那与O型血的人不同，O型血的人被认为是固执的，他们决心按自己的方式行事并不愿改变。
And woe betide selfish type Bs
还有倒霉的B型血的人，
– an informal expression said when there will be trouble for someone or if they will be punished for doing a particular thing.
那是一种非正式表达，指某人将遇到麻烦或因为做某件事将受到惩罚。
Scientifically speaking, blood types help support our immune system
科学地说，血型有助于维持我们的免疫系统
- the organs and cellular processes which protect the human body from infection.
——保护人体免受感染的器官和细胞过程。
They also help identify foreign pathogens - small organisms, such a virus or bacteria, that can cause a disease.
它们还有助于识别外来病原体——诸如病毒或细菌等可能导致疾病的小型生物体。
And explain why the same blood type is needed for a successful blood transfusion
并解释为什么成功输血需要相同的血型。
– the procedure in which blood is transferred from one person’s body to another during an operation.
输血是指在手术中，血液从一个人的身体转移到另一个人的身体。
That’s all we have time for today. Bye for now.
以上就是我们今天节目的全部内容。再见啦。
Goodbye!
再见！