“MeToo”运动有什么影响？
What difference has #MeToo made?
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Sam.
大家好，这里是BBC教学英语的《六分钟英语》，我是萨姆。
And I'm Georgina.
我是乔治娜。
In this programme we'll take a look at the sensitive issue of sexual violence.
在本期节目中，我们将看看性暴力这一敏感话题。
At the start of the decade no one knew that the two-word phrase 'MeToo' would go viral
在本世纪初，没有人知道“MeToo”这个短语会像病毒般扩散
– or spread quickly and widely on the internet through social media.
——或通过社交媒体在网上迅速而广泛地传播开来。
But when explosive allegations against Hollywood movie producer Harry Weinstein made headlines in 2017,
但当针对好莱坞电影制片人哈维·韦恩斯坦的爆炸性指控成为2017年头条新闻时，
the MeToo hashtag became the focus for a global movement of women determined to expose the truth about abusive sexual behaviour.
“MeToo”话题标签成为了一场全球女性运动的焦点，该运动决心揭露性虐待行为的真相。
Weinstein was found guilty and given a 23-year prison sentence.
韦恩斯坦被判有罪并被判处23年监禁。
But the deeper reasons behind the problem, in America and worldwide, have not disappeared.
但是，在美国和世界范围内，这个问题背后的更深层原因并没有消失。
I have a question now about the origin of the MeToo expression.
我现在有一个问题是关于“MeToo”这个表达的起源。
Although the MeToo message went viral due to public support from famous Hollywood actresses,
虽然“MeToo”这个口号由于得到好莱坞著名女演员的支持而在网上迅速广泛传播，
the phrase itself was thought up years earlier by civil rights activist, Tarana Burke.
但这个短语本身是在几年前由民权活动家塔拉纳·伯克想出来的。
What year did she first use it?
她第一次使用这个短语是在哪一年？
Was it: a) 1996, b) 2006, or c) 2016?
是a) 1996年，b) 2006年，还是c) 2016年？
I'll guess b) 2006.
我猜是b) 2006年。
OK, Georgina. We'll come back to that later.
好的，乔治娜。我们稍后将回到这个话题。
Now more about Tarana Burke.
现在我们聊聊更多关于塔拉纳·伯克的内容。
Yes, Tarana worked with marginalised women in neglected American communities,
是的，塔拉纳和被忽视的美国社区中被边缘化的女性一起工作过，
shocking numbers of whom were victims of sexual violence and abuse.
令人震惊的是，这些女性中有很多是性暴力和性虐待的受害者。
Here she is talking with the BBC World Service's programme HARDtalk about how the MeToo movement continues to speak up for voiceless women and girls.
这是她在BBC全球服务节目HARDtalk中谈到的，谈论内容是关于“MeToo”运动如何继续为没有发言权的妇女和女孩发声。
The beauty, I think, and the magic of MeToo is that it's a unifier in that way,
我认为“MeToo”的魅力和魔力在于它是那样的融合剂，
and it’s where survivors find community and so… definitely the mainstream media kept the focus on the actresses and Hollywood and that…
它也是幸存者找到社区组织的地方，主流媒体一直把焦点放在女演员和好莱坞上……
but at its core the women who came forward were really no different than those girls who I served in the communities ten years before.
但其核心是，那些挺身而出的女性与我十年前在社区中服务的那些女孩真的没有什么不同。
Tarana doesn't call the girls and women who were abused 'victims'.
塔拉纳没有称这些受虐待的女孩和妇女为“受害者”。
Instead she prefers the term survivors
相反，她更喜欢“幸存者”一词，
- people who are able to carry on with their life successfully, despite very unpleasant experiences which still affect them.
即尽管有过仍影响她们的不愉快经历，但还能成功地继续生活的人。
The MeToo movement went viral when several famous movie actresses came forward – offered to give information, about sexual harassment.
当几位著名电影女演员挺身而出——提供关于性骚扰的信息时，“MeToo”运动迅速传播开来。
While these Hollywood actresses were famous celebrities,
尽管这些好莱坞女演员都是名人，
most survivors of sexual violence are ordinary women, living ordinary lives.
但大多数性暴力的幸存者都是普通女性，过着普通的生活。
That's why Tarana calls the MeToo movement a unifier - something that unites and brings people together,
那就是为什么塔拉纳把“MeToo”运动称为融合剂——把人们联合团结在一起的东西，
in this case women of different race and social background.
在这里是指把不同种族和社会背景的女性团结在一起。
But while the media focused on particular people - Weinstein and several actresses in the movie industry,
尽管媒体关注的是特定的人——韦恩斯坦和几位电影业的女演员，
Tarana is clear that the problem is bigger than just individual cases.
但塔拉纳很清楚这个问题不仅仅是个案。
Here she is explaining about the wider reasons behind the MeToo movement.
下面她将解释“MeToo”运动背后更广泛的原因。
We can talk about Harvey Weinstein ad nauseam,
我们可以没完没了地谈论哈维·韦恩斯坦，
but we also have to talk about what are the structures that were in place that allowed a Harvey Weinstein to thrive.
但我们也必须谈谈是什么社会结构让哈维·韦恩斯坦这么猖狂。
If you're going to talk about Harvey Weinstein's being successful,
如果你要谈论哈维·韦恩斯坦的成功，
then we have to also talk about capitalism, right?
那么我们必须也谈谈资本主义，对吧？
Because it's the love of money and the desire for people to have money and what he represented.
因为它是对金钱的热爱，是人们对金钱的渴望以及哈维·韦恩斯坦所代表的。
The bottom line is people value those things more than they value the humanity of the women that he was destroying their lives.
关键是人们看重这些东西超过看重那些被他毁了一生的女人的人性。
It's about power and it's about privilege.
它关乎权力，关乎特权。
At the end of the day, these are the two things we have to talk about dismantling.
归根结底，这些是我们消除权力和特权所必须要讨论的两件事情。
According to Tarana, the behaviour of abusers like Weinstein was not challenged or questioned because of their privilege
根据塔拉纳的说法，像韦恩斯坦这样的施虐者的行为之所以没有受到挑战或质疑是因为他们的特权
- power and advantage held by a small group of people,usually because of their high social position or because they are rich.
——一小部分人所拥有的权力和优势，通常是因为他们的社会地位高或因为他们很有钱。
So rather than focusing on individual cases,
因此，与其关注个案，
it's male-dominated social structures like privilege that need dismantling
不如关注男性主导的社会结构，比如需要消除的特权
– breaking up or being stopped from working by gradually reducing its power over a period of time.
——通过在一段时间内逐渐减少其权力来瓦解或停止操作。
Tarana knows the problem won’t disappear overnight.
塔拉纳知道这个问题不会在一夜之间消失。
But she believes the MeToo movement has opened up a space to talk about sexual violence in a new way and set out a pathway forward.
但她认为，“MeToo”运动开辟了一个空间来以一种新方式谈论性暴力，开辟了一条前进道路。
Let’s go back to the quiz question.
让我们回到今天的测试问题。
I asked you what year the two-word expression 'Me Too' was used.
我问你“Me Too”这个两个字的表达是哪一年被使用的。
Was it a) 1996, b) 2006 or c) 2016, and you said…?
是a) 1996年，b) 2006年，还是c) 2016年，你说的是……？
Yes. I said it was b) 2006.
是的，我说是b) 2006年。
Well done, Georgina! You are absolutely right!
做得好，乔治娜！完全正确！
Today, we've been talking about the hashtag MeToo movement which went viral in 2017 – meaning it spread quickly on the internet.
今天我们一直在谈论2017年像病毒般扩散的“MeToo”运动——那是指在网上迅速传播。
The name 'MeToo' was created by Tarana Burke, an activist who works with sexual abuse survivors
“MeToo”这个名字是由塔拉纳·伯克创造出来的，她是一位为性虐待幸存者工作的活动家，
- people who experience abuse but are able to carry on with their lives successfully.
这些幸存者经历过性虐待，但却能够成功地继续她们的生活。
In 2017 many of these survivors came forward – offered to give information – about sexual harassment in Hollywood.
2017年，许多幸存者挺身而出——提供关于好莱坞性骚扰的信息。
And these actresses were supported by millions of women and men across the world,
这些女演员得到了全世界数百万人的支持，
making the MeToo movement an important cultural unifier
使“MeToo”运动成为一个重要的文化融合剂
– something that unites and brings people together.
——把人们联合团结在一起的东西。
Now the movement wants to shift the focus away from individual cases and onto social structures of privilege
现在，这场运动希望将焦点从个案转移到特权社会结构上
- power and advantage held by a small group of people, usually because of their wealth or high social class.
——特权是指少数人拥有的权力和优势，通常是因为他们富有或社会地位高。
And according to Tarana, it is these social structures and attitudes which need to be dismantled
根据塔拉纳的说法，正是这些社会结构和态度需要被消除
- stopped from working by gradually reducing their power over time.
——通过在一段时间内逐渐减少其权力来瓦解或停止操作。
And that's all we have time for today.
以上就是我们今天的全部内容。
Join us again soon here at 6 Minute English for more topical discussion and vocabulary.
下次再加入我们啊，更多话题讨论和词汇，就在《六分钟英语》。
Bye for now.
再见了。
Bye.
拜。