一、概述
所谓状语从句，就是指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。根据其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句等，但在初中英语中主要学习的是前面六种，尤其是最前面的四种。同学们学习状语从句时，主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别，以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。
二、考点归纳
考点1 考查时间状语从句的用法
时间状语从句就是指在主从复合句中用作时间状语的从句。引导时间状语从句的从属连词较多，如比较常见的有before, after, when, while, since, till, until, as soon as 等。如：
I was fat when I was a child. 小时候我很胖。
Turn the lights off before you leave. 离开前请关灯。
What things happened after we left? 我们离开后发生了什么事?
We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。
You must wait here until I come. 你必须在这里等到我来。
Phone me as soon as you hear some news. 你一听到什么消息，马上打电话给我。
另外，要注意not…until…（直到……才）这一固定搭配。如：
They didn’t start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停他们才出发。
He didn’t come until his wife left. 他妻子走了之后他才来。
【考例1】It’s quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers ________ people get off the bus. (河南中考题)
A. after B. since C. until D. when
【分析】答案选D。句子的语境背景是：在英国，乘车人会向司机道谢。根据常识可知，应该是在下车离开时说“谢谢”，而不是在下车离开之后再说“谢谢”（排除A），也不是自下车后一直说“谢谢”（排除B），更不是在车上说“谢谢”说个不停，一直说到下车为止（排除C）。
【考例2】―Your French is so good. How long have you been in
―________ I was five. (江苏常州中考题)
A. Until B. Since C. When D. Before
【分析】答案选B。答句为省略句，补充完整为：I have been in France since I was five. Since的意思是“自……以来”。句意为：我从五岁开始就一直在法国。
【考例3】He will come here right away ________ he hears the news. (湖北恩施中考题)
A. so B. as soon as C. because D. though
【分析】答案选B。比较四个选项，只有as soon as填入句中意思最通顺，故选B。
考点2 考查条件状语从句的用法
英语中用于引导条件状语从句的从属连词不多，主要有if（如果）、unless（除非）、as long as（只要）、so long as（只要）等。如：
If anyone calls tell them I’m not at home. 有人来电话，就说我不在家。
He will do anything as long as it is interesting. 只要有趣，他什么都愿干。
I’ll remember that day as long as I live. 只要我活着，我就不会忘记那个日子。
You’ll fail in English unless you work harder. 你要是不再加把劲，英语就及不了及格。
除以上基本的引导条件状语从句的从属连词外，还有in case（万一）也可用作连词表示条件。如：
In case I’m late, start without me. 万一我迟到，就不等我了。
【考例1】You’d better look up the new word in a dictionary ________ you don’t know it. (甘肃兰州中考题)
A. if B. that C. though D. whether
【分析】答案选A。根据句意可知，空格后的句子表示条件，故用if来引导。句意为：如果你不认识一个生词，你最好到词典里去查它。又如：If you don’t be careful, you’ll break that vase. 如果你不小心，你会把那花瓶打碎。
考点3 考查原因状语从句的用法
英语中用于引导原因状语从句的从属连词不多，主要有because, as, since三个，它们均表示“因为”“由于”之类的意思，有时在翻译时可能比较灵活（也可以不译出）。如：
The little boy was crying because he was lost. 那小孩因迷路而哭。
I went to bed early, as I was very tired. 我睡得早，因为我很累了。
Since we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 因为我们没有钱，我们没法买它。
另外，now that（既然）也可用于引导原因状语从句。如：
Now that you have come you may as well stay. 既然你来了，你就留下。
【考例1】―Did you give Dick a call?
―I didn’t need to ________ I’ll see him soon. (江苏无锡中考题)
A. when B. though C. until D. because
【分析】答案选D。由于“不必打电话”与“很快会见到他”之间存在因果关系，即：因为很快会见到他，所以就不必给他打电话。故答案选D。
【考例2】―Did you call Sara back?(http://ask.yygrammar.com/)
―I didn’t need to, ________ we’ll have a meeting together tonight. (安徽中考题)
A. though B. unless C. because D. if
【分析】答案选C。由于“不必回电话”与“今晚会一起开会”之间存在因果关系，即：因为今晚要一起开会，所以就不必给她回电话。故答案应选表示原因的because。
考点4 考查让步状语从句的用法
所谓“让步”，就是指“退一步”，通常用“虽然”“尽管”“即使”之类的词语来表示。在英语中用于引导让步状语从句的从属连词也不多，主要有although（虽然）、though（虽然）、even though（即使，尽管）、even if（即使，尽管）等。如：
She kept on working although she was tired. 她虽疲劳但仍继续工作。
Though you aren’t rich, you could do something to help him. 你虽然不富有，但你仍可以给予他帮助。
I’ll finish it even if it takes me all night. 即使熬一个通宵我也要把这件事干完。
Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game. 尽管我们已尽了最大的力量，但还是输了。
有时，我们用whether…or…（无论……；不管……）来引导让步状语从句。如：
I’ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜欢，我都要做。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否, 他都将失败。
另外，no matter…（无论……；不管……）也可引导状语从句，如：
It’s not true, no matter who says so. 不管是谁那样说，那都不是真的。
No matter what you say, I like to listen. 不管你说什么，我都喜欢听。
No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。
No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少，他都不发胖。
【考例1】________ they may not succeed, they will try their best. (河北中考题)
A. Though B. When C. Because D. Unless
【分析】答案选A。“可能不会成功”与“尽力而为”之间既不是因果关系，也不是条件关系，而让步关系，句意为：虽然他们有可能不会成功，但他们仍会尽力而为。
【考例2】________ well you drive, you must drive carefully. (山东烟台中考题)
A. No matter where B. In order that C. No matter how D. As soon as
【分析】答案选C。根据句意可知，前后为让步关系，可将答案锁定在A和C。由于空格后为副词well，所以只能选C――因为how可以修饰well，而where不能。句意为：不管你开车开得多好，你都必须要非常小心地驾驶。
考点5 考查目的状语从句的用法
引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that等，其意为“为的是”“目的是”“以免”“免得”等。如：
Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。
He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。
I’ m putting this letter on top of the pile so that he’ll read it first. 我把这封信放在那堆上面，这样他就会先看它。
【考例1】Why don’t you start out early ________ you don’t have to hurry?
A. even though B. as though C. so that D. as if
【分析】答案选C。so that在此引导目的状语从句，其意为“为的是”“以便”，又如：We arrived early so that we could get good seats. 我们到得早，以便找到好座位。
【考例1】She worked hard ________ everything would be ready by 6 o’clock.
A. even though B. now that C. in order that D. as if
【分析】答案选C。句中的in order that也是引导目的状语从句。句意为：她拼命干以便能到6点时把一切都准备好。
考点6 考查结果状语从句的用法
英语中用于引导结果状语从句的从属连词不多，主要的有so that, so…that, such…that这三个。如：
I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早，所以找个好座位。
It’s so difficult a question that none of us can answer it. 那是一个很难的问题，我们没有一个人能回答。
It was such a beautiful night that I wanted to go out for a walk. 夜色如此之美，我真想出去走走。
注：so that 中的that在口语中通常可以省略。
【考例】―Did you see who the driver was?
―No, the car ran so fast ________ I couldn’t get a good look at his face. (杭州市中考题)
A. that B. which C. as D. after
【分析】答案选A。考查so…that…这一固定句式，其意为“如此……以至于”，其中的that引导结果状语从句。
考点7 考查地点状语从句的用法
引导地点状语从句的从属连词很少，最主要的是where，它的意思是“在……的地方”。如：
Take him where it is quiet. 把他带到安静的地方去。
Put it where we can all see it. 把它放在我们都看得见的地方。
They waved to us to stay where we were. 他们向我们挥手，要我们停在原地。
【考例】―What should I do here?(www.yygrammar.com)
―Just put all the things ________ they were. (湖北武汉中考题)
A. where B. when C. whose D. which
【分析】答案选A。where在此引导地点状语从句，意为“在……的地方”，答句的意思是：把所有的东西放回原处。
三、易错陷阱
陷阱1 用错时间状语从句的时态
根据英语习惯，在时间状语从句时，习惯上要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，而不能直接使用一般将来时。如：
孩子出生以后，欧文斯全家将搬到一套新的房间去住。
误：The Owens will move to a new flat when their baby will be born.
正：The Owens will move to a new flat when their baby is born.
另外，含主从复合句中含有由since引导的时间状语从句时，其主句通常要用完成时态。如：
自从我上次见他以来他变化很大。
误：He changed a great deal since I saw him last.
正：He has changed a great deal since I saw him last.
陷阱2 用错条件状语从句的时态
当主句为将来时态或具有将来意时，条件状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。如：
如果明天下雨我们就呆在家里。
误：We’ll stay at home if it will rain tomorrow.
正：We’ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow. (http://ask.yygrammar.com/)
注意，有时也可见到 if you will 这样的说法，但那不是将来时态，而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(此处的 will是情态动词)。如：
If you will follow me, I’ll show you the way. 请跟我来，我给你指路。
【强化训练】
选择最佳答案填空：
1. ―Look! Here comes our school bus.
―No hurry. Don’t get on it ________ it has stopped.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
2. ________ the story is short and there are no new words in it, it is difficult to understand.
A. But B. Though C. And D. For
3. The red suitcase is expensive ________ it’s made of leather.
A. when B. if C. because D. though
4. He met many problems ________ he was going over his lessons.
A. before B. as soon as C. since D. while
5. The little boy ate a big meal ________ he said he wasn’t hungry.
A. if B. though C. because D. as
6. ―What is our head teacher like, do you know?
―Oh, he is very kind ________ he looks very serious.
A. because B. though C. if D. when
7. ―What do you think of her dress?(http://ask.yygrammar.com/)
―I think it still looks quite fashionable on her ________ it is a style of many years ago.
A. though B. or C. so D. because
8. ________ hamburgers are junk food, many children like them.
A. If B. Unless C. Because D. Although
9. ―Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________?
―Sorry, I have no idea.
A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine
C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine
10. I will call you as soon as I ________ the ticket to the football match.
A. will get B. get C. got D. am getting
11. ―David, turn off the TV ________ no one is watching it.
―But it ________ off already！The music is from the radio.
A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned
C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned
12. ―You will fail the exam ________ you don’t work hard.
―OK, I’ll try my best. (www.yygrammar.com)
A. and B. though C. but D. if
13. Tom knew nothing about it ________ his sister told him.
A. since B. if C. until D. when
14. I can’t still understand the passage ________ there are few new words in it.
A. so B. because C. if D. though
15. She has studied in this school ________ she was seven years old.
A. since B. if C. until D. after
【答案点拨】
1. 答案选A。考查固定句式not…until…，其意为“直到……才”，until用以引导时间状语从句。
2. 答案选B。前面说“故事很短且没有生词”，后面又说“很难懂”，这说明句子前后之间为让步关系，即：虽然故事很短且没有生词，但还是很难懂。
3. 答案选C。由句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故用because引导原因状语从句。
4. 答案选D。该题句意为：当他在复习功课时遇到了许多问题。所给的四个选项都可引导状语从句，但只有while符合题意。
5. 答案选B。“不饿”与“吃了很多”之间既不是因果关系，也不是条件关系，而让步关系，句意为：这个小男孩虽然嘴上说不饿，但那一顿却吃了很多。
6. 答案选B。比较四个选项，只有填though句子意思最通顺。句意为：他很友好，虽然看上去很严肃。
7. 答案选A。空格前的意思是“看上去仍很时尚”，后格后的意思是“它是几年前的款式”，显然前空格前后为让步关系，即：虽然是几年前的款式，但仍然很时尚。故选though。
8. 答案选D。句子前半句的意思是“汉堡包是垃圾食品”，后半句的意思是“许多孩子喜欢吃”，前面句子存在转折关系或让步关系，故选although。
9. 答案选A。句中的第一个if引导的是宾语从句，所以要用将来时态表示将来意义；第二个if引导的是条件状语从句，故要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
10. 答案选B。as soon as引导的是时间状语从句，根据英语语法规则，应用一般现在时表示来将来意义，故选B，不能选A。
11. 答案选C。第一空填if，引导的是条件状语从句，句意为：大卫，如果没人看电视就把电视机关了。第二空填has been turned，一是因为“电视机”只能被关掉，所以要用被动语态；二是要用现在完成时表示对现在的影响。
12. 答案选D。空格前的意思是“你考试会不及格”，空格后的意思是“你学习不努力”，显然后者为前者的条件，故用if引导。
13. 答案选C。此题考查not…until…的变体，即nothing…until…，其意也是“直到……才”。全句意为：直到他的姐姐告诉他，他才知道此事。也可理解为：在他姐姐告诉他之前，他对此事一无所知。
14. 答案选D。though在此引导让步状语从句，句意为：虽然这个段落中没什么生词，但我还是不能理解。
15. 答案选A。since引导的是时间状语从句，其意为“自……以来”。注意since引导时间状语从句时，其主句通常用现在完成时。所以，在做题时若能注意到这一点也会对快速选出答案有帮助。