多重职业
Multiple Careers
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English
大家好，欢迎收听六分钟英语。
– the programme where we bring you an interesting topic and six items of vocabulary.
该节目会奉上有趣的话题，以及六个实用的单词。
I'm Neil. Today we're talking about jobs.
我是尼尔。今天我们讨论工作。
And I'm Dan. And specifically, we're looking at the trend for having more than one job…
我是丹。尤其现在的趋势是，我们看到越来越多的人有不止一份工作。
Yes. On that note – Dan, were you ever asked this question as a kid?
没错。关于这一点，丹，你小时候有没有被问过这样一个问题？
What do you want to be when you grow up?
你长大之后想做什么？
Do you remember your answer?
你还记得你怎么回答的吗？
I wanted to be a ninja turtle. And you?
我想要成为忍者神龟。你是怎么回答的呢？
That doesn’t surprise me.
这个回答一点都不让我惊讶。
I think I wanted to be a professional footballer.
小时候我想成为一名职业足球运动员。
I wanted to play for England.
我想为英格兰打比赛。
Well, for many people, that question gets harder the older they become!
对于很多人来说，年龄越大，这个问题就越难回答。
It's one reason why more and more people have what we call portfolio careers these days – so they can do a bit of everything.
为什么越来越多的人拥有组合型职业的一个原因是，这样他们可以做任何事。
A portfolio, as a noun, means a case for carrying large pictures – or it can mean the collection of pictures themselves.
portfolio 作为名词，是指装有很多照片的盒子，或者作品集本身。
But we also use it as an adjective to describe groups of certain things – in this case, careers.
我们将其用作形容词，描述某些事物的组合，就如这里，我们用来描述职业。
Indeed, we could say someone who is a part-time teacher and a part-time musician has a portfolio career.
确实如此，我们可以说，一个人部分时间做老师，部分时间做音乐人，这个人就拥有组合型职业。
Sounds like a good combination.
听上去是个不错的组合。
First, let’s do today’s question – it’s job-related.
首先，我们来看看今天的问题，和工作相关。
Many surnames in English originally come from professions.
英语中很多姓氏最初源于职业。
The surname Baker, for example, was originally given to people who worked as… bakers!
例如姓氏贝克，最初是指做面包师的人。
What about the surname Bond, as in double-oh-seven, James Bond? Who had this surname?
那么007中詹姆士·邦德的姓氏邦德，起源于什么呢？最初是哪类人姓这个姓氏呢？
Was it a) Farmers b) Spies c) Guards?
a) 农民， b) 间谍， c) 守卫？
It can’t be spies, can it? So I’m going to guess guards. C.
一定不是间谍，对吧？所以我猜是守卫，C。
Great, well let’s find out at the end of the programme.
好的，节目最后我们再公布答案。
Now, the portfolio career.
现在我们继续说组合型职业。
Emily Wapnick is the Canadian author of a book called How to Be Everything: A Guide for Those Who (Still) Don’t Know What They Want to Be When They Grow Up.
艾米丽·瓦尼克是《如何无所不能：给那些（依旧）不知道他们长大想要做什么的人的指南》一书的加拿大作者。
Which specific example of a portfolio career does she mention?
她提到的组合型职业的具体例子是什么？
More and more people are doing multiple things and multiple jobs - and it’s not just to make ends meet.
越来越读的人同时做不同的事，不同的职业，不仅仅是为了收支平衡。
A lot of people are choosing this kind of lifestyle.
很多人选择这种生活方式。
They’ve got, you know, three different businesses that are just thriving.
他们有三种不同的欣欣向荣的生意。
Or they’re a serial entrepreneur.
他们或者是连续创业家。
Or they’ve got a career in two different areas.
或者他们拥有两个领域不同的工作。
There's a guy that I mention who is a psychotherapist and a luthier – he makes violins - and he's very successful in both.
我提到了一个人，他既是精神治疗医师，也是制琴师，他制作小提琴。他在这两个领域都很成功。
Emily is clearly a fan of this kind of working.
艾米丽显然是这种工作方式的粉丝。
She says she knows a man who's both a psychotherapist and a luthier – someone who makes violins.
她说她知道一个人既是精神治疗医师，也是制琴师，他制作小提琴。
She says this trend is more than just about working to make ends meet – in other words, working to make enough money to live.
她说这种趋势不仅仅是为了收支平衡，换句话说，工作是为了挣足够的钱来生存。
And she used another interesting expression – a serial entrepreneur – what’s that exactly?
她还用了另一个有趣的表述，连续创业家，这是什么意思呢？
Well, an entrepreneur is someone who starts and runs businesses
创业家是指自己创办生意，经营生意的人。
– and the use of serial here as an adjective describes someone who does the same thing again and again.
用serial（连续的）作为形容词描述某人一次一次做同样的事。
Though we should say, the adjective is more often used for criminal activity – such as a serial killer or serial murderer.
但我们也可以说，这个形容词通常会用来描述犯罪行为，例如连环杀手或连环杀人犯。
Not the kind of portfolio career I had in mind.
这可不是我想的组合型职业。
A serial entrepreneur, on the other hand, starts and runs business after business.
连续创业家是指创办经营了一个又一个生意。
Another thing, because Emily believes the world of work is changing fast
还有另一点，因为艾米丽相信各行各业的工作都在迅速发生变化，
– it’s sensible to be able to do more than one thing.
能够掌握不止一件事更加明智。
In other words, it’s wise to add another string to your bow.
换句话说，在弓上再加一根弦更加明智。
A great phrase, which really just means to learn new skills you can use in the future.
很棒的习语，是指学习未来用得上的新技能。
I’d like to learn Japanese – that would add another string to my bow.
我想学日语，那样可以在我的弓上多加一根弦。
So desu, ne? But choosing a portfolio career is not for everyone, of course.
这样吗？（日语）但是选择组合型职业并不适合每个人。
It often simply comes down to money.
这归根到底还是钱的问题。
Here’s Charles Handy, writer and philosopher, and the man who popularised the term portfolio career in the first place.
查尔斯·汉迪，作家和哲学家，他最先推广了组合式职业这个词。
80% of the people in corporate jobs hate them, or are dissatisfied with them.
百分之八十在企业工作的人都讨厌自己的工作，或者说不满意自己的工作。
Whereas if you’re doing your own thing, 80% of them really like the freedom and the entrepreneurial spirit,
然而如果你为自己做事，百分之八十都会喜欢这种自由和企业家精神，
even if they’re not making an awful lot of money.
即便并没有挣很多钱。
It’s a balancing job really, you’re free but you’re poor. Or you’re slaved but you’re richer.
这也是一种平衡，你自由但是很穷，或者你被奴役束缚，但是你有钱。
Sounds like a difficult choice – be poor or be a slave.
听上去是个困难的选择，要么穷，要么被奴役。
What would you choose, Dan?
你会选择什么呢，丹？
I’d rather be poor and free, thank you very much.
我宁愿穷但是自由，谢谢。
Well, let’s explain a term he used – a corporate job.
我们来解释一下他用的一个词，公司的工作。
What does corporate mean?
这里corporate是指什么呢？
Quite literally, it's the adjective from the term corporation
从字面意思将，这是corporation的形容词，
- a corporate job is a job at a big corporation, company or organisation – usually well paid, and with certain benefits.
corporate job是指在大公司、企业或机构工作，通常薪水高，有一些福利。
Could we say James Bond has a corporate career?
我们可以说詹姆斯·邦德的工作就是corporate career（打工生涯）吗？
Yes, I guess so!
我觉得可以这么说。
And thank you for reminding me to answer today’s question: which profession does the surname Bond come from?
谢谢你提醒了我要公布今天问题的答案：邦德这一姓氏起源于哪种职业？
And I said the Bonds were guards.
我认为姓邦德的人之前是守卫。
I'm afraid you were wrong. Bonds were originally peasant farmers who were bound to work for a particular lord.
恐怕你答错了。邦德一姓来源于为地主工作的农民。
This word goes back over 1,000 years… the spying game came much later!
这个词可以追溯到1000多年前。间谍活动要晚的多。
Indeed! Let’s spy today’s words once more.
没错！我们再侦查一下今天的单词。
We had portfolio – which can be used in different ways.
我们提到了portfolio，它有不同的用法。
There's a portfolio career, as well as the original meaning of a portfolio of art. Any others?
有组合式职业，也有其原始的意思，艺术作品集。还有其他的吗？
Yes, people talk about a portfolio of investments – when you invest in several companies at once to reduce the risk.
人们还会提到投资组合。你一次可以投资好几个公司来减少风险。
Talking of money, we had to make ends meet.
提到钱，我们就要说到收支平衡。
People often work a number of different part-time jobs to make ends meet – to make enough money to live on.
人们通常做很多兼职达到收支平衡，也就是赚足够的钱来生存。
Though having a lot of part-time jobs is not the same as being a serial entrepreneur.
但是做很多兼职和连续创业家并不一样。
Serial means doing something repeatedly, usually a crime!
连续的是指重复做一些事，通常是指犯罪。
And an entrepreneur is someone who starts and runs businesses.
企业家，创业者是指创立并经营自己生意的人。
I’d love to start a business…
我想自己创办生意。
First, I need to learn a new skill - add another string to my bow and learn yoga.
首先，我需要学习一项新技能，在我的弓上多加一根弦，学习瑜伽。
Then maybe one day I’ll run a yoga business.
然后也许有一天我可以创办和瑜伽相关的生意。
Not for me though, I prefer the corporate life – a secure job in a big corporation!
这不适合我，我更喜欢在公司工作，在大公司里有一份保险的工作。
OK, but then you can come to my yoga classes after work!
也很好，之后你下班可以来我的瑜伽课堂。
Alright.
不错。
And that's the end of today's 6 Minute English.
今天的六分钟英语就到这里。
Please join us again soon.
我们下期再会。
And we are on social media of course. Make sure to visit our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages.
我们也有社交媒体，记得访问我们的Twitter, Facebook, Instagram 和 YouTube。
Bye!
再见！