你能放弃快时尚吗？
Could you give up fast fashion?
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
大家好。这是BBC教学英语的六分钟英语。
I'm Georgina…
我是乔治娜……
And I'm Neil.
我是尼尔。
In this programme,
在本期节目中，
we're talking about buying clothes and only wearing them a few times before buying more clothes!
我们要讨论的是买衣服，以及只穿几次就去买更多衣服！
This is something known as fast fashion, it's popular,
这就是所谓的快时尚，它很流行，
it might make us feel good,
它可能让我们感觉良好，
but it's not great for the environment.
但它对环境不利。
Which is why lots of people this year are pledging or promising publicly to buy no new clothes.
这就是为什么今年很多人保证或者公开承诺不买新衣服。
I for one am wearing the same shirt I bought seven years ago.
我现在穿着的就是七年前买的那件衬衫。
You're certainly not a fashion victim, Neil!
你当然不是时尚的受害者，尼尔！
But first, let's test your knowledge of fast fashion with a question.
但首先，让我们用一个问题来测试你对快时尚的了解。
Do you know how many items of clothing were sent to landfill in the UK in 2017?
你知道2017年英国有多少件衣服被运往垃圾填埋地吗？
Was it… a) 23 million items, b) 234 million items or c) 2.3 billion items?
是……a) 2300万件，b) 2.34亿件，还是c) 23亿件？
What do you think, Neil?
你觉得呢，尼尔？
I’m sure it’s lots, but not billions, so I’m going to say 23 million items.
我确定是很多，但不是上亿，所以我说是2300万件。
I shall tell you if you're right at the end of the programme.
节目结束时我会告诉你是否正确。
Let's talk more about fast fashion, which is being blamed for contributing to global warming.
让我们多谈谈快时尚，它被指责是造成全球变暖的罪魁祸首。
And discarded clothes – that means ones that are thrown away - are also piling up in landfill sites,
被丢弃的衣服——也就是那些被扔掉的衣服——也堆积在垃圾填埋地，
and fibre fragments are flowing into the sea when clothes are washed.
而且清洗衣服时纤维碎片会流入大海。
It's not great – and I've heard the average time someone wears something is just seven!
这并不好——而且我听说人们穿一件衣服的平均次数是7次！
So why is this, and what is driving our desire to keep buying more clothes?
所以这是为什么呢？是什么驱使我们不断地买更多衣服呢？
I think we should hear from fashion journalist Lauren Bravo,
我想我们应该听听时尚记者劳伦·布拉沃的看法，
who’s been speaking on the BBC Radio 4 programme, You and Yours.
她做客BBC广播4频道You and Yours节目。
She explained that clothes today are relatively cheaper than those from her parents' days…
她解释说，现在的衣服比她父母那时候的衣服要相对便宜一些。
A lot of clothing production got outsourced - offshored over to the developing world,
很多服装生产被外包给了发展中国家，
so countries like Indonesia, India, Bangladesh and China are now responsible for making the vast bulk of all the clothes that are sold in the UK.
所以像印度尼西亚、印度、孟加拉国和中国这样的国家现在负责制作大量在英国销售的服装。
And with that, we've seen what we call 'chasing the cheapest needle' around the world,
与此同时，我们在全球范围内看到了我们所谓的“追求最便宜的服装制造”，
so the fashion industry constantly looking to undercut competitors,
所以时尚产业不断地寻找要价更低的竞争对手，
and with that clothes getting cheaper and cheaper and cheaper.
由此，衣服变得越来越便宜。
Right, so clothes – in the developed world at least – have become cheaper,
没错，所以至少在发达国家，衣服变得更便宜了，
because they are produced in developing countries.
因为它们是在发展中国家生产的。
These are countries which are trying to become more advanced economically and socially.
这些国家正努力在经济方面和社会方面变得更加先进。
So production is outsourced – that means work usually done in one company is given to another company to do,
所以生产是外包的——那是指通常在一家公司完成的工作被交给另一家公司去做，
often because that company has the skills to do it.
通常是因为那家公司有能力去做。
And in the case of fashion production, it can be done cheaper by another company based in a developing country.
就服装生产而言，设在发展中国家的另一家公司生产服装更便宜。
Lauren used an interesting expression 'chasing the cheapest needle',
劳伦用了一个有趣的表达“追求最便宜的服装制造”，
so the fashion industry is always looking to find the company which can make clothes cheaper,
所以时尚产业总是在寻找制作衣服更便宜的公司，
a company that can undercut another one means they can do the same job cheaper.
一家公司比另一家公司的要价低是指他们可以以更便宜的价格做同样的工作。
Therefore the price of clothes gets cheaper for us.
因此衣服的价格对我们来说变得更便宜。
OK, so it might be good to be able to buy cheaper clothes.
好吧，所以能买到更便宜的衣服可能是件好事。
But why do we have to buy more – and only wear items a few times?
但为什么我们要多买衣服——而且衣服只穿几次呢？
It's all about our obsession with shopping and fashion.
这都是因为我们对购物和时尚的痴迷。
It's something Lauren Bravo goes on to explain on the You and Yours radio programme.
这是劳伦·布拉沃在You and Yours广播节目中继续解释的。
See if you can hear what she blames for this obsession…
看看你是否能听出她将这种痴迷归咎于什么……
Buying new things has almost become a trend in itself for certain generations.
买新东西几乎已经成为特定几代人的一种潮流。
I think that feeling that you can't be seen in the same thing twice, it really stems from social media, particularly.
我觉得你不能被看到同一件衣服穿两次的那种感觉实际上格外源于社交媒体。
And quite often people are buying those outfits to take a photo to put on Instagram.
很多时候，人们买那些衣服是为了拍照发到Instagram上。
It sounds illogical,
这听起来不合常理，
but I think when all of your friends are doing it,
但我认为当你所有的朋友都这么做的时候，
there is this invisible pressure there.
就会有一种无形的压力。
Lauren makes some interesting points.
劳伦提出了一些有趣的观点。
Firstly, for some generations, there is just a trend for buying things.
首先，对几代人来说，买东西只是一种潮流。
It does seem very wasteful,
这看起来确实很浪费，
but as Lauren says,
但正如劳伦所说，
some people don't like to be seen wearing the same thing twice.
一些人不喜欢被看到穿同一件衣服两次。
And this idea is caused by social media – she uses the expression 'stems from'.
这种观点是由社交媒体造成的——她用了“源于”这个表达。
She describes the social pressure of needing to be seen wearing new clothes on Instagram.
她描述了需要在Instagram上被人们看到穿着新衣服的社会压力。
And the availability of cheap clothes means it's possible to post new images of yourself wearing new clothes very regularly.
而且，有廉价的衣服意味着可以经常发布自己穿着新衣服的新照片。
Hmm, it sounds very wasteful,
嗯，这听起来很浪费，
and to me, illogical – not reasonable or sensible,
而且对我来说，不合常理——不合理或不合乎情理，
and more driven by emotions rather than any practical reason.
更多是由情感驱动，而不是任何现实原因。
But, there is a bit of a backlash now – that's a strong negative reaction to what is happening.
但是，现在出现了一些强烈反应——那是对正在发生之事的强烈负面反应。
Some people are now promising to buy second-hand clothes, or 'vintage clothes',
现在一些人承诺购买二手衣服，或“老式衣服”，
or make do with the clothes they have and mend the ones they need.
或将就着用他们现有的衣服，修补他们需要的衣服。
It could be the start of a new fashion trend.
这可能是新的时尚潮流的开始。
Yes, and for once, I will be on trend!
是的，就这一次，我要跟上潮流！
And it could reduce the amount of clothes sent to landfill that you mentioned earlier.
而且它可以减少你早些时候提到的被送往垃圾填埋地的衣服数量。
Yes, I asked if you knew how many items of clothing were sent to landfill in the UK in 2017?
是的，我问你是否知道2017年英国有多少件衣服被送往垃圾填埋地？
Was it… a) 23 million items, b) 234 million items or c) 2.3 billion items?
是……a) 2300万件，b) 2.34亿件，还是c) 23亿件？
What did you say, Neil?
你说是什么，尼尔？
I said a) 23 million items.
我说是a) 2300万件。
And you were wrong.
你答错了。
It's actually 234 million items – that's according to the Enviro Audit Committee.
它实际上是2.34亿件——那是根据环境审计委员会的数据。
It also found that 1.2 billion tonnes of carbon emissions is released by the global fashion industry.
人们还发现，全球时装业排放了12亿吨碳排放。
Well, we're clearly throwing away too many clothes,
嗯，我们显然扔掉了太多衣服，
but perhaps we can recycle some of the vocabulary we've mentioned today?
但也许我们可以回收利用一些我们今天提到的词汇？
I think we can, starting with pledging - that means publicly promising to do something.
我觉得可以，从保证开始——那指的是公开承诺做某事。
You can make a pledge to do something.
你可以保证去做某事。
When something is outsourced, it is given to another company to do,
当某事物被外包时，它被交给另一家公司去做，
often because that company has the skills to do it or it can be done cheaper.
通常是因为这家公司有能力做这件事，或者做这件事更便宜。
And if one company undercuts another, it charges less to do a job than its competitor.
如果一家公司的要价低于另一家，那么它做一项工作的费用就会低于竞争对手。
The expression 'stems from' means 'is caused by' or 'a result of'.
“源于”这个表达的意思是“由……造成的”或“作为……的结果”。
We mentioned that rise in fast fashion stems from sharing images on Instagram.
我们提到过，快速时尚的兴起源于在Instagram上分享图片。
And we mentioned this being illogical.
我们提到这是不合常理的。
So it seems unreasonable - not sensible,
因此，它似乎是不合理的——不合乎情理的，
and more driven by emotions rather than any practical reason.
更多是由情感驱动，而不是任何现实原因。
And a backlash is a strong negative reaction to what is happening.
强烈反应是对正在发生之事的一种强烈负面反应。
And that brings us to the end of our discussion about fast fashion!
我们关于快时尚的讨论就到此结束了！
Please join us again next time.
下次再加入我们啊。
Bye.
拜。
Bye.
拜。