眼睛如何预示性格
How your eyes predict your personality
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
大家好，欢迎来到六分钟英语。我是尼尔。
And I'm Rob.
我是罗伯。
Now, Rob, would you say that you are an introvert or an extrovert?
罗布，你会说自己是一个内向或外向的人吗？
What a good question!
好问题！
Well, extroverts are confident in their personality.
好吧，外向的人对自己的性格有信心。
They're outgoing and comfortable in social situations.
他们在社交场合中外向并感到舒服。
So, I would have to say that, if anything, I’m the opposite.
所以，我不得不说，如果我是某种人的话，我会是与那相反的。
I’m more of an introvert.
我更像一个内向的人。
I’m really quite shy.
我真的很害羞。
I feel uncomfortable in social situations.
在社交场合我感到不舒服。
For example, if I go to a party, where I don’t know anyone I usually feel very embarrassed and I find it impossible to start conversations with strangers.
例如，如果我参加派对，我不认识任何人，我通常会感到非常尴尬，而且我发现自己无法与陌生人交谈。
But you do all of this on the radio and videos for BBC Learning English, don’t you?
但是你在BBC教学英语的广播和视频中做了所有这些，不是吗？
Some would say you have to be an extrovert to do what we do.
有些人会说要做我们所做的事情，你必须是一个外向的人。
Ah! Well, maybe I’m pretending to be an extrovert to hide the fact that I’m an introvert.
啊！好吧，也许我假装是一个外向的人来掩盖我是一个内向的人的事实。
It’s quite a common thing, you know.
你知道，这很常见。
Well, it might not be so easy to hide in the future,
好吧，以后可能不容易隐藏，
because researchers have developed a computer program that can tell your personality from looking at where you look, by tracking your eye movements.
因为研究人员已经开发出一种计算机程序，它能通过追踪你的眼睛动作，观察你盯着的地方来判断你的性格。
Wow! That sounds pretty hi-tech, and scary.
哇！ 那听起来很高科技，而且很吓人。
Well, we’ll learn more shortly, but first a question on the topic of clever computers.
好吧，我们马上将会了解更多，但首先是关于智能计算机主题的一个问题。
The letters 'AI' stand for Artificial Intelligence but what are the letters 'AI'?
字母'AI'代表人工智能，但字母'AI'是什么？
Are they A) an abbreviation, B) an acronym, or C) an initialism?
它们是A）缩写，B）首字母缩略词，还是C）首字母缩写？
OK, I thought that was going to be easy, but I think it’s an abbreviation, isn’t it?
好吧，我觉得那很容易，但我认为它是一个缩写，不是吗？
Well, you’ll have to wait to the end of the programme to find out!
好吧，你必须等到节目结束才能找到答案！
Sabrina Hoppe is a researcher at the University of Stuttgart.
塞布丽娜·霍皮是斯图加特大学的研究员。
She was interviewed on the BBC Radio programme All In The Mind.
她接受了BBC广播All In The Mind节目的采访。
She spoke about an experiment in which they tracked the eye movements of people in real situations.
她谈到了一个实验，在实验中他们追踪在现实中人们的眼部动作。
This is what she said about the research.
这是她谈到关于研究的内容。
Was she confident the experiment would work in the real world?
她有信心这个实验会在现实世界中发挥作用吗？
The main finding in our study is that it is possible at all to just look at eye movements and then predict something about their personality.
我们研究的主要发现是，只看眼睛动作然后预测一下人们的性格是完全可能的。
And before our study, it was not clear at all if this would be possible from eye movements in such an unconstrained real world setting.
而且在我们研究之前，根本不清楚在这种不受约束的现实世界环境中是否可以通过眼睛动作来预测性格。
So, was she confident this would work?
所以，她有信心这会起作用吗？
No, not really. She said that before the study it wasn’t clear if it would be possible in an unconstrained real-world setting.
不，不是真的有信心。 她说在研究之前不清楚是否有可能在一个不受约束的现实环境中实现。
Unconstrained here means that there wasn’t strict control over the conditions of the experiment.
这里“不受约束的”意味着实验条件没有严格的控制。
It took place in the ‘real-world’ – so not in a laboratory.
它发生在“现实世界“——所以不是在实验室里。
The result of the experiment - or the finding, as she called it - was that by following eye movements, a computer programme was able to work out the personality of the subjects.
实验的结果——或者正如她所说的发现——是通过追踪眼睛动作，计算机程序能够计算出受试者的性格。
Let’s listen again.
让我们再听一遍。
The main finding in our study is that it is possible at all to just look at eye movements and then predict something about their personality.
我们研究的主要发现是，只看眼睛动作然后预测一下人们的性格是完全可能的。
And before our study, it was not clear at all if this would be possible from eye movements in such an unconstrained real world setting.
而且在我们研究之前，根本不清楚在这种不受约束的现实世界环境中是否可以通过眼睛动作来预测性格。
So how does the software work, for example, what are the differences in the eye movements of extroverts compared to introverts?
所以软件如何作用，例如，与内向的人相比，外向的人的眼睛动作差异是什么？
We still don't really know in detail what makes the difference.
我们仍没有真正了解具体是什么造成了影响。
We can only tell that there are differences and that we know computer programs that can pick up those differences.
我们只能说存在差异，而且我们能够知道计算机程序可以发现这些差异。
Maybe extrovert people look up a lot because they want to look at people's faces,
也许外向的人更多抬头看，因为他们想看看人们的面孔，
whereas some super introvert person maybe just stares at their own shoes, if you want to take the extreme examples.
而一些超级内向的人可能只是盯着自己的鞋子，如果你想举极端例子的话。
So, probably it somehow changes gaze.
所以可能它会以某种方式改变人们盯着的目光。
But we only know that this information is there and somehow our program figured out how to extract it.
但我们只知道这些信息是存在的，并且我们的程序能以某种方式解决如何提取它。
So how does it work?
所以它是怎样作用的？
Well, that’s the strange thing. She said that she didn’t really know, at least not in detail.
是的，那很奇怪。 她说她并不是真的知道，至少不是具体知道。
She did say that our personality somehow changes gaze.
她确实说我们的性格以某种方式改变了人们的目光。
Gaze is another word for looking at something.
“凝视”是盯着某物看的另一个单词。
So maybe we gaze in different ways depending on our personality.
所以也许我们会根据自己的性格以不同的方式凝视。
Extroverts may look up more and introverts, like me, may look down more.
外向的人可能会更多地抬头，像我这样内向的人可能会更多地低头。
Yes, it was interesting that she said that she didn’t know how it did it, but the program somehow managed to figure it out.
是的，有趣的是她说她不知道它是如何做到的，但该程序以某种方式成功解决了问题。
The phrasal verb to figure something out means 'to understand or realise something'.
短语动词“to figure something out”指的是“理解或实现某事物”。
Time to review today’s vocabulary, but first, let’s have the answer to the quiz question.
是时候回顾今天的词汇了，但首先，让我们揭晓测验问题的答案。
I asked what are the letters AI?
我问字母AI是什么？
Are they A) an abbreviation, B) an acronym, C) an initialism?
它们是A）缩写，B）首字母缩略词，还是C）首字母缩写？
Rob, what did you say?
罗伯，你说是什么？
I said A) an abbreviation.
我说A）缩写。
Well sorry, no, AI is C), so to speak. It's an initialism.
好吧，很遗憾不是，所以说AI是C）选项。 首字母缩写。
It’s the first letters of the words 'artificial intelligence', but it’s not pronounced like a new word, just the initial letters.
它是“artificial intelligence”这几个单词的首字母，但它发音并不像一个新单词，只是最初的字母。
Right, time now to review today’s vocabulary.
好的，现在是时候回顾今天的词汇了。
Yes. We had the word extrovert.
是的。 我们学习了“extrovert”这个词。
This describes someone who has a very outgoing personality.
它描述的是性格外向的人。
An extrovert is confident and socially comfortable.
外向的人充满自信和在社交中感到舒服。
By contrast, an introvert is someone who is shy and not comfortable in social situations and doesn’t like being the centre of attention.
相比之下，内向的人是在社交场合害羞，不舒服的人，而且他们不喜欢成为关注的中心。
Our report today talked about the findings of some new research.
我们今天的报道谈到了一些新研究的结果。
A finding is something that has been learnt, discovered or indeed, found out.
“研究结果”是已经了解，发现或确实被找出的东西。
It is the conclusion that is reached.
它是达成的一种结论。
Then we had unconstrained to describe the experiment which was not carried out in a controlled environment.
然后我们学习了“不受限制的”，那描述的是不在受控环境中进行的实验。
So unconstrained means ‘not limited or restricted‘.
所以“不受约束的”意味着“不受限制或束缚”。
Our next word was gaze.
我们的下一个词是“凝视”。
This is a word that means 'our way of looking at something'.
这个词指的是“我们盯着某事物的方式”。
Yes, the findings of the research suggest that our personality can affect our gaze.
是的，研究结果表明我们的性格可以影响我们的目光。
And this was something the computer was able to figure out.
这是计算机能够弄清楚的。
To figure out means 'to study something and reach an answer to a particular question or problem'.
“To figure out”指的是“学习某事物并找到特定问题答案”。
Right! Well, you know what I’ve just figured out?
对！嗯，你知道我刚想到什么了吗？
Do tell!
说吧！
It’s time to bring this edition of 6 Minute English to an end.
现在是时候结束这期六分钟英语了。
Bye for now.
再见了。
Bye-bye!
拜拜！