你的复原能力有多强？
How resilient are you?
Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Rob…
大家好，欢迎来到BBC教学英语的六分钟英语，我是罗伯……
And I'm Georgina.
我是乔治娜。
Now, Georgina, how resilient are you?
乔治娜，你的复原能力有多强？
Resilient?
复原能力吗？
You mean able to cope with difficult situations.
你的意思是能够应付困难的情况。
I have a pile of work to do today,
我今天有一大堆工作要做，
but I'm remaining calm and not getting stressed.
但我保持冷静，不会有压力。
That's good, you are showing resilience.
很好，你表现出了复原能力。
And today we're discussing whether we're born with resilience or we have to learn it.
今天我们要讨论的是，我们是天生就有复原能力，还是必须通过学习来获得。
OK, Rob. But first I expect you’re going to ask me a question – bring it on!
好的，罗伯。但首先，我想你会问我一个问题——来吧！
OK. Resilience is also a word used in science to describe the characteristic of a substance or object.
好的。复原能力也是科学中用来描述物质或物体特性的一个单词。
But what does it mean?
但它是指什么？
a) That it's is very tough or hard.
a)非常坚韧或坚硬。
b) That it can return to its original shape after being bent.
b)被弯曲后可以恢复到原来的形状。
Or c) It can turn from a solid into a liquid quickly.
还是c)能很快地从固体变成液体。
I have a feeling it means b) an object that returns to its original shape after being bent.
我感觉它的意思是b)被弯曲后恢复到原来的形状。
OK, I'll let you know if you were correct at the end of the programme.
好的，在节目最后我会让你知道你是否回答正确。
But let's talk more about human resilience.
但让我们多谈谈人类的复原能力。
There are many self-help books and motivational speakers all promising us we can learn to be resilient.
许多励志书籍和励志演说家都向我们保证，我们可以学习来变得有复原能力。
Well, it is a useful trait to have,
嗯，这个特性很有用，
and it's something that can help you deal with many difficult situations,
而且它可以帮助你处理许多困难的情况，
from coping with the pressures of work to handling the death of a loved one.
从应付工作压力到处理亲人的逝去。
And it's more than just telling someone to 'toughen up' or 'get a grip', as Dr David Westley knows.
而且正如大卫·韦斯特利博士所知道的，它不仅仅是告诉人们要“坚强起来”或“掌控自己”。
He is Head of Psychology at Middlesex University
他是密德萨斯大学的心理学教研室主任，
and talked about levels of resilience on the BBC World Service programme, The Why Factor.
并在BBC全球服务节目The Why Factor中谈到了复原能力层次。
First of all, there's our social supports, our communities, our families,
首先，我们有社会支持，有社区，有家人，
the people who are important to us, the organisations we work for,
有对我们重要的人，有我们为之工作的组织，
so one way we can look at resilience is to measure that – the amount of social support available to us.
所以我们探知复原能力的一种方式就是去衡量——我们可以得到的社会支持量。
Another way to think about resilience is to think about how we think about the situations we are in.
探知复原能力的另一种方法是想想我们是如何看待自己处境的。
So for example one way to look at that would be just to look at how optimistic people are
举个例子，探知复原能力的一种方法就是看看人们有多乐观，
as a guide to how resilient they might be when times get tough.
以此作为他们在困难时期复原能力有多强的指导。
And then a third level that we can look at for resilience is a biological level,
然后探知复原能力的第三个层面就是生物学层面，
how well we can soothe ourselves, calm ourselves down,
我们能多大程度地安慰自己，让自己冷静下来，
how well we can actually regulate our own nervous systems at times of distress.
在忧虑的时候实际上能多大程度地调节自己的神经系统。
Right, so Dr Westley describes social supports
没错，韦斯特利博士描述了社会支持
– the people around us who we can talk to and support us and generally make us feel better.
——我们周围的人，他们可以和我们交谈，支持我们，让我们感觉更好。
I think he’s saying, with more support we feel more resilient.
我想他是说，有了更多支持，我们复原能力就更强。
It’s interesting to note that a resilient person isn’t necessarily someone quiet, who doesn’t make a fuss and gets on with things.
有趣的是，有复原能力的人并不一定是一个安静，不吵吵闹闹，处理好事情的人。
Some experts think it's people who ask for help and use this social support network who are acting in a more resilient way.
一些专家认为，正是那些寻求帮助并利用这种社会支持关系网的人做事时复原能力更强。
It's a good point.
说得好。
And another level of resilience is how optimistic someone is.
复原能力的另一个层面是一个人有多乐观。
Being optimistic means having positive thoughts about the future and believing things will turn out well.
乐观意味着对未来有积极的想法，相信事情会有好的结果。
A positive mind means you can deal with situations that at first look tough.
积极的心态是指你能处理那些一开始看起来很困难的情况。
Another level Dr Westley mentioned was our biological level - how our bodies cope in times of distress.
韦斯特利博士提到的另一个层面是我们的生物学层面——我们的身体如何应对忧虑。
Distress is the feeling you get when you are worried or upset by something.
忧虑是当你因某事而担忧或心烦时的感觉。
So, when we're distressed,
所以，当我们忧虑时，
a resilient person is able to soothe his or her body and regulate his or her nervous system,
有复原能力的人能够安慰自己并调节自己的神经系统，
which helps them stay calm.
这有助于他们保持冷静。
But, Rob, the big question is, are we born with resilience or can we learn it?
但是，罗伯，最大的问题是，我们是天生就有复原能力还是我们能通过学习来获得？
Experts speaking on The Why Factor programme tended to think it could be learned.
在The Why Factor节目上进行阐述的专家们倾向于认为它可以通过学习来获得。
Yes, one of them is Ann Masten, a professor at the University of Minnesota.
是的，其中一位是明尼苏达大学的安·马斯顿教授。
From her studies, she found it was something that we learn when we need to.
在她的研究中，她发现那是我们在需要时才会学到的。
Ann Masten talks about how some of the children she studied manifest resilience from the start.
安·马斯顿谈到了她研究的一些儿童是如何从一开始就清楚显示出复原能力。
When something manifests, it shows clearly and is easy to notice.
当某物清楚显示出来时，它表现得很清晰，很容易被注意到。
They remain resilient despite adversity – a difficult time in their life they've had to face.
尽管身处逆境，他们仍能保持复原能力——那是他们生命中不得不面对的艰难时刻。
Other children, what she calls the late bloomers, started off less resilient, struggled with adversity,
其他孩子，也就是她所说的大器晚成者，一开始复原能力比较差，在逆境中挣扎，
but turned their lives around by becoming more resilient.
但通过使复原能力变得更强，扭转了他们的生活。
Maybe we can learn resilience from a having a bad experience?
也许我们可以从一次糟糕的经历中学到复原能力？
Well, one thing Ann went on to say was that families and friends can be a great support and help with resilience.
好吧，安继续说到的一件事就是家人和朋友可以对你的复原能力提供很大的支持和帮助。
Those that were 'late bloomers' only connected with adults and mentors later in life.
那些“大器晚成者”只在以后的生活中与成年人和导师联系。
Yes, she says that teachers or parents are role models in how to handle adversity.
是的，她说老师或父母是如何处理逆境的榜样。
And children are watching;
孩子们在看着，
they're learning from the adults around them by seeing how they react when they get challenged by something.
他们通过观察周围的成年人遇到挑战时的反应向他们学习。
Time now to find out how resilient you are when you discover the correct answer to the question I asked earlier.
现在是时候揭晓当你发现我之前所问问题的正确答案时，你的复原能力有多强了。
I said that 'resilience' is also a word used in science to describe the characteristic of a substance or object.
我说“复原能力”也是科学中用来描述物质或物体特性的一个单词。
But what does it mean?
但它是指什么？
Is it... a) It is very tough or hard.
是……a)非常坚韧或坚硬。
b) It can return to its original shape after being bent.
b)被弯曲后可以恢复到原来的形状。
Or c) It can turn from a solid into a liquid quickly.
还是c)能很快地从固体变成液体。
And what did you say, Georgina?
你说是什么，乔治娜？
I said it was b) It can return to its original shape after being bent.
我说是b)被弯曲后可以恢复到原来的形状。
And you are right - well done!
答对了——做得好！
Bamboo is a good example of a resilient material.
竹子是具有复原能力的材料的一个好例子。
You can bend it, it doesn’t break and returns to its original shape.
你可以使它弯曲，它不会断裂而且能恢复到原来的形状。
Thanks for the science lesson, Rob.
谢谢你的科学课，罗伯。
Now we need to recap the vocabulary we've mentioned today…
现在我们需要回顾一下今天提到的词汇……
Yes, we've talked about being resilient,
是的，我们已经讨论过“有复原能力的”，
an adjective that describes someone's ability to cope with difficult situations.
这个形容词描述的是某人处理困难情况的能力。
When you do this you show resilience.
当你处理困难情况时，你就会表现出复原能力。
Someone who is optimistic has positive thoughts about the future and believes things will turn out well.
乐观的人对未来有积极的想法并相信事情会有好的结果。
Distress is the feeling you get when you are worried or upset by something.
忧虑是当你因某事而担忧或烦恼时的感觉。
When something manifests itself, it shows clearly and is easy to notice.
当一件事清楚显现出来时，它会清晰地表现出来，很容易被注意到。
And adversity is a difficult time in somebody's life that they have had to face.
逆境是一个人生命中不得不面对的困难时期。
And that brings us to the end of this discussion about resilience.
那就让我们到了关于复原能力讨论的最后了。
Please join us again next time.
下次再加入我们啊。
Bye bye.
拜拜。
Bye.
拜。